iκbα

Malachite green oxalate is a triphenylmethane dye which can be used to detect the release of phosphate in enzymatic reactions.

2-NBDG is a fluorescent indicator for direct glucose uptake measurement. It is an indicator of cell viability.

Coelenterazine h is a dehydroxy derivative of natural coelenterazine and serves as a luminescent substrate for RLuc8. Coelenterazine h is Ca²⁺-sensitive, making it an effective tool for measuring minute changes in Ca²⁺ concentration. Coelenterazine h is widely used in cell biology, molecular biology, drug discovery, and in vivo imaging.

JC-1 (CBIC2) is a fluorescent lipophilic cyanine dye. JC-1 is used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential. When the mitochondrial membrane potential is high, JC-1 aggregates into polymers within the matrix, emitting red fluorescence (λex=585 nm, λem=590 nm). When the mitochondrial membrane potential is low, JC-1 fails to aggregate within the mitochondrial matrix and exists as monomers, emitting green fluorescence (λex=510 nm, λem=527 nm).

CY5-SE (Cy5 NHS Ester) is a reactive dye used to label amino groups in peptides, proteins and nucleotides. It needs to be stored away from light. Excitation wavelength (nm): 640, emission wavelength (nm): 664.

DIDS sodium salt (MDL101114ZA) is a small molecule inhibitor that acts as a dual-target inhibitor of both ABCA1 and VDAC1, suppressing RAD51-mediated homologous recombination. This compound inhibits anion exchange and Caspase-3/-9 activation, and is used in cancer research.

Biotinyl tyramide, a biotin derivative, is used for tyramide signal amplification, as a reagent to amplify both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical signals protocols.

WST-8 is a water-soluble tetrazolium dye, and WST-8-based assays have higher sensitivity than traditional MTS-based assays.

D-Luciferin potassium (D-Luciferin K Salt) is a popular bioluminescent substrate of luciferase in the presence of ATP.

Hoechst 33342 (bisBenzimide H 33342) is a lipophilic fluorescent dye belonging to the bisbenzimidazole class and a cell-permeable fluorescent DNA dye. Hoechst 33342 can penetrate the membranes of living cells to achieve non-invasive staining of live cell nuclei, exhibiting excellent fluorescence properties and extremely low cytotoxicity.

CFSE (CFDA-SE) is a fluorescent dye with cell membrane permeability. CFSE irreversibly binds to intracellular proteins in living cells and is used for the detection of cell proliferation. The labeled cells fluoresce in green color with excitation wavelength of 488 nm and emission wavelength of 518 nm.

Coelenterazine is a superoxide anion-sensitive chemiluminescent probe that can be used to detect the chemiluminescence of peroxynitrite and can serve as a luminescent enzyme substrate for apoaequorin and Renilla luciferase.

Methylene Blue trihydrate (Basic blue 9) is a compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene Blue trihydrate is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits soluble guanylyl cyclase and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of methemoglobin. It also inhibits tau filament formation (IC50: 1.9μM).

Phenolphthalein (Phthalin) is an acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.

Merbromin (Mercury dibromofluorescein disodium salt) is an organomercuric disodium salt compound and a fluorescein, used as a topical antiseptic for minor cuts and scrapes.

9-Aminoacridine is a highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.

Erythrosine B (Erythrosine I) , a tetraiodofluorescein, is served as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of dental plaque, and as a stain of some cell types. Its structural was similar to thyroxine.

Toluidine Blue (Blutene chloride), a phenothiazine, is used as a biological stain, a hemostatic, and a dye for silk and wool. Blutene chloride is also used as a diagnostic aid for gastric neoplasms and oral, and used in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.

Evans blue (C.I. 23860) is an effective inhibitor of glutamate uptake by synaptic vesicles and also acts as an antagonist of AMPA/kainate receptors. Evans blue is a water-soluble azo fluorescent dye that binds to serum albumin and is used to detect vascular permeability, blood-brain barrier integrity, and permeability.

Phenol Red (Sulfonphthal) is a pH indicator, red dye, and diagnostic aid for measurement of renal function. It is used also for researches of the gastrointestinal and other systems.

Clofazimine (NSC-141046) is a phenazine dye with anti-mycobacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Clofazimine has a slow bactericidal effect on Mycobacterium leprae and is active against various other Mycobacteria.

Proflavine Hemisulfate (3,6-Diaminoacridine hemisulfate) is the hemisulfate salt form of proflavine, an acridine-derived fluorescent contrast and disinfectant agent that can potentially be used for cellular imaging and antiseptic purposes.

Fenipentol (Pancoral) has the properties of Choleretics and Cholagogues.

Ethidium bromide (EB) A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide. Ethidium bromide has a λEx of 300-360 nm and a λEm of 590 nm.