6-TAMRA-SE (6-TAMRA-NHS ester) is an amine-reactive form of tetramethylrhodamine, commonly used as a traditional fluorophore in automated DNA sequencing.

I. DNA automatic sequencing
1. Labeling reaction: 6-TAMRA-SE usually binds to the end of a DNA fragment or a primer. In the reaction, 6-TAMRA-SE reacts with the amino group of DNA through its NHS ester group to form a covalent bond. The reaction can be carried out under mild conditions, and common buffers include TE or PBS.
2. Labeling conditions: The labeling reaction time is 30-60 minutes and is carried out at 4°C. In order to improve the efficiency and labeling density of the reaction, the pH value and reaction time can be adjusted as needed.
3. Purification: The labeled DNA usually needs to be purified by column chromatography or gel electrophoresis to remove unreacted dye molecules.
4. Analysis: The labeled DNA sample is analyzed using a fluorescence detection instrument (such as an automatic sequencer) to determine the DNA sequence by exciting light of a specific wavelength and measuring the fluorescence emission of 6-TAMRA (generally at a wavelength of 580-600 nm).
II. Gene expression analysis:
1. Probe design: 6-TAMRA-SE can be used to detect the expression of target genes by connecting to specific probes.
2. PCR reaction: Add the labeled probe to the qPCR reaction system, and use a fluorescent quantitative PCR instrument to detect the change in the fluorescent signal to reflect the expression level of the target gene.
III. Protein and nucleic acid interaction study
1. Labeling DNA or RNA: 6-TAMRA-SE is used to label DNA or RNA.
2. Co-culture and analysis: By incubating with the target protein, the dye-labeled signal is observed using a fluorescence microscope or flow cytometry.