Vactosertib Hydrochloride (EW-7197 Hydrochloride) is an orally active and highly efficient ATP-competitive ALK5 (activin receptor-like kinase 5) inhibitor, a TGF-β receptor I inhibitor with anti-metastatic and anticancer properties. It sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine by inhibiting their viability.

ALK5:12.9 nM, ALK2/4:17.3 nM

Vactosertib Hydrochloride inhibits the TGFβ-induced nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 in 4T1 cells and MCF10A cells (IC50: 10-30 nM for Vactosertib Hydrochloride on pSmad3 in 4T1 cells). Vactosertib Hydrochloride (10-1000 nM; 30 minutes; 4T1 cells) treatment blocks the TGFβ-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 or Smad3 in a dose-dependent manner in 4T1 cells.
Vactosertib Hydrochloride abrogates TGFb1-induced tumor cell migration and invasion. Moreover, Vactosertib Hydrochloride abolishes the TGFβ1-induced effects on genes related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)[2].

Vactosertib Hydrochloride inhibits the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in both TGFβ-treated breast cancer cells and 4T1 orthotopic-grafted mice. Vactosertib Hydrochloride (40 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; every other day; for 10 weeks; MMTV/c-Neu female mice) treatment inhibits Smad/TGFβ signaling, cell migration, invasion, and lung metastasis in MMTV/c-Neu mice. Vactosertib Hydrochloride enhances cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in 4T1 orthotopic-grafted mice and increased the survival time of 4T1-Luc and 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mice[1].