Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that exerts its antibacterial activity by inhibiting the second stage of cell wall synthesis in susceptible bacteria. It also alters cell membrane permeability and selectively inhibits RNA synthesis. Vancomycin is commonly used to treat severe infections resistant to other antibiotics and is frequently employed in experimental studies to induce kidney injury models.

L1210 cells:> 1000 μg/mL, L02 cells:> 30 μM, HEK293 cells:> 100 μM (CC50)

METHODS: B. burgdorferi was treated with Vancomycin (0.5-2.0 µg/mL) for 24 h and cell morphology was examined using real-time time-lapse microscopy.
RESULTS: At higher concentrations of Vancomycin (≥1.0 µg/mL), many abnormal cells were observed, which were visually identified by vesiculation, granule formation, and morphological changes. The proportion of these abnormal bacteria in the population increased in a dose-dependent manner. [1]
METHODS: Human osteosarcoma cells MG-63 were treated with Vancomycin (10-10000 µg/mL) for 24-72 h. Cell counts were measured using an Elzone Celi Counter.
RESULTS: Localized levels of Vancomycin at 1000 µg/mL and below had little effect on osteoblast replication, and concentrations of 10,000 µg/mL resulted in cell death. [2]

METHODS: To detect nephrotoxicity, Vancomycin (400 mg/kg) and Vitamin C (200 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally to C57BL/6J mice once daily for seven days.
RESULTS: Renal index, renal injury score, apoptosis, serum Cr and BUN, as well as renal Cr, BUN, MDA, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB were higher in the Vancomycin group than in the control group, whereas body weight and renal SOD activity were lower. On the contrary, no differences were observed between the control and Vitamin C groups in all these indices. [3]
METHODS: To deplete the intestinal microbiota of mice, the antibiotics (ABX) Vancomycin (0.5 g/L), Ampicillin (1 g/L), Neomycin sulfate (1 g/L), and metronidazole (1 g/L) were administered to mice by drinking water for two weeks.
RESULTS: Antibiotics significantly reduced the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota. [4]

DMSO: 250 mg/mL (172.5 mM), Sonication is recommended.

10% DMSO+90% Saline: 1 mg/mL (0.69 mM), Solution.