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Mitophagy

Mitophagy is the selective degradation of mitochondria by autophagy. It often occurs to defective mitochondria following damage or stress. Mitophagy is key in keeping the cell healthy. It promotes turnover of mitochondria and prevents accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria which can lead to cellular degeneration. It is mediated by Atg32 (in yeast) and NIX and its regulator BNIP3 in mammals. Mitophagy is regulated by PINK1 and parkin proteins. In addition to the selective removal of damaged mitochondria, mitophagy is also required to adjust mitochondrial numbers to changing cellular metabolic needs, for steady-state mitochondrial turnover, and during certain cellular developmental stages, such as during cellular differentiation of red blood cells.

Olaparib
T3015763113-22-0
Olaparib (KU0059436) is a small molecule inhibitor of PARP1 PARP2 (IC50=5 1 nM), with weak inhibitory activity against PARP tankyrase-1 (IC50=1.5 μM), and is selective and orally active. Olaparib exhibits autophagy and mitochondrial autophagy activation activity.
  • $31
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Doxorubicin hydrochloride
T102025316-40-9
Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin) belongs to the anthracycline class of antibiotics and is an inhibitor of human DNA topoisomerase I II (IC50=0.8 2.67 μM). Doxorubicin hydrochloride exhibits cytotoxicity and antitumor activity. Doxorubicin hydrochloride reduces the phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream target protein acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, and induces apoptosis and autophagy.
  • $34
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Ruxolitinib
T1829941678-49-5
Ruxolitinib (INCB018424) is a JAK1 2 inhibitor (IC50=3.3 2.8 nM) that is potent and selective. Rixolitinib exhibits antitumor activity and induces autophagy and apoptosis.
  • $53
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Ruxolitinib phosphate
T30431092939-17-7
Ruxolitinib phosphate (INCB18424 phosphate) is a JAK1 2 inhibitor with IC50 of 3.3 nM 2.8 nM. Its selectivity for JAK1 2 is more than 130 times that of JAK3.
  • $44
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Mdivi-1
T1907338967-87-6
Mdivi-1 (Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1) is a mitochondrial division inhibitor that inhibits DRP1 and Dynamin I (IC50=1-10 μM). Mdivi-1 inhibits mitochondrial autophagy.
  • $31.2
  • $39
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Metformin
T8526657-24-9
Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) is an AMPK activator with blood-brain barrier permeability. Metformin may improve glycemic control by increasing insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal glucose uptake, and is commonly used in type 2 diabetes research.
  • $39
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ABT-737
T2099852808-04-9
ABT-737 is a BH3 mimetic and an inhibitor of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-w (EC50=30.3 nM 78.7 nM 197.8 nM). ABT-737 exhibits antitumor activity and anti-aging activity.
  • $64
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Brefeldin A
T606220350-15-6
Brefeldin A (Cyanein) belongs to the class of macrolide antibiotics and is an ATPase inhibitor (IC50=0.2 μM). Brefeldin A can induce tumor cell differentiation and apoptosis, and also possesses autophagy inhibitory activity.
  • $34
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Deferoxamine Mesylate
T1637138-14-7
Deferoxamine Mesylate (DFOM) is an iron chelator and ferroptosis inhibitor. Deferoxamine Mesylate binds free iron into a stable complex and reduces iron accumulation. Deferoxamine Mesylate up-regulates HIF-1α levels and induces apoptosis.
  • $31
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Dexamethasone
T107650-02-2
Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist and IL receptor modulator with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties that induces autophagy and inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages.
  • $29
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Quercetin
T2174117-39-5
Quercetin, a flavonoid natural product, is a SIRT1 activator. It is also a PI3K inhibitor, inhibiting PI3Kγ, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kβ with IC50 values of 2.4, 3.0, and 5.4 μM, respectively. Recognized as a heat shock protein inhibitor, Quercetin can significantly reduce exosome release in TII models by downregulating Hsp70 or Hsp90.
  • $42
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Metformin hydrochloride
T07401115-70-4
Metformin hydrochloride (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride), a widely used anti-diabetic drug, exhibits potential anti-Y properties by inhibiting the proliferation of various Y cells, including colon and prostate.
  • $33
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Kaempferol
T2177520-18-3
Kaempferol (Robigenin) is a natural flavonoid and an inverse agonist of ERRα and ERRγ. Kaempferol has a wide range of antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral activities.
  • $46
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Adezmapimod
T1764152121-47-6
Adezmapimod (SB 203580) is a selective, ATP-competitive p38 MAPK inhibitor (IC50=0.3-0.5 μM) that activates autophagy and mitochondrial autophagy, with more than 100-fold higher selectivity over PKB, LCK, and GSK-3β.
  • $30
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P62-mediated mitophagy inducer
T138091809031-84-2
P62-mediated mitophagy inducer (PMI) is a regulator of mitophagy.
  • $39
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Tripterin
T302834157-83-0
Tripterin (Celastrol) is a natural product, a proteasome inhibitor that inhibits the pancreatic rennet-like activity of the 20S proteasome (IC50=2.5 μM). Tripterin has anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious, and immunomodulatory properties.
  • $46
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Tanespimycin
T629075747-14-7
Tanespimycin (KOS 953) (17-AAG) is an inhibitor of Hsp90 that selectively inhibits BT474 tumor cell Hsp90 (IC50: 5 nM).
  • $38
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AICAR
T14772627-69-2
AICAR (Acadesine) is an AMPK activator that causes ZMP accumulation, thereby mimicking the stimulatory effect of AMP on both AMPK and AMPKK. It is commonly used in research related to diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and tumors.
  • $30
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Vorinostat
T1583149647-78-9
Vorinostat (SAHA) is a pan-histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor (IC50=10 nM) with inhibitory activity against HDAC1 2 3 6 7 11. Vorinostat has antitumor activity, induces cell differentiation, blocks the cell cycle and induces apoptosis.
  • $44
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Ginsenoside Rb1
T282241753-43-9
Ginsenoside Rb1 (Gypenoside Ⅲ) is part of a class of steroid glycosides; may have properties that inhibit or prevent the growth of tumors.
  • $39
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Oxidopamine hydrochloride
T1235228094-15-7
Oxidopamine hydrochloride (6-Hydroxydopamine hydrochloride) is an neurotransmitter dopamine antagonist.
  • $39
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Oxidopamine hydrobromide
T12352L636-00-0
Oxidopamine hydrobromide (6-OHDA hydrobromide) is a neurotransmitter dopamine antagonist.
  • $56
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Iohexol
T155466108-95-0
Iohexol is an X-ray contrast agent containing varying concentrations of iohexol, which can be used for a variety of imaging applications.
  • $41
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Aspirin
T000550-78-2
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid) is a COX inhibitor that inhibits COX1 and COX2 (IC50=5 210 μg mL) with selective, irreversible, and oral activity. Aspirin is also a histone deacetylase inhibitor that up-regulates the cell cycle blocking protein, p21. Aspirin has a variety of activities. Aspirin has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic, and antiplatelet aggregation activities.
  • $31
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Liensinine
T5S10992586-96-1
1. Liensinine, a kind of isoquinoline alkaloid, can antagonize the ventricular arrhythmias.
  • $47
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Sunitinib
T0374L557795-19-4
Sunitinib (SU 11248) is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor that inhibits VEGFR2 and PDGFRβ (IC50=80 2 nM). It exhibits antitumor activity and is used for treating kidney cancer and gastrointestinal tumors.
  • $53
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U0126-EtOH
T62231173097-76-1
U0126-EtOH (U0126 Ethanol) is a non-ATP competitive specific inhibitor of MEK1 2 (IC50: 0.07 0.06 μM).
  • $30
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Rosolutamide
T715521039760-91-2In house
Rosolutamide (ALZ-003) is a curcumin analog, an orally active Nrf1 and Nrf2 activator.Rosolutamide modulates oxidative homeostasis, improves mitochondrial function and promotes autophagy, reduces mutant protein aggregation, and decreases intracellular mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.Rosolutamide has been used in the study of neurodegeneration such as spinal cerebellar ataxia and Huntington disease. neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease. Regulates oxidative homeostasis.
  • $1,520
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Pitavastatin
T7072147511-69-1
Pitavastatin (NK-104) is a potent inhibitor of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, effectively inhibiting cholesterol synthesis from acetic acid in HepG2 cells with an IC50 of 5.8 nM. It also induces hepatocyte low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) receptors and exhibits therapeutic activities such as anti-atherosclerotic, anti-asthmatic, anti-osteoarthritis, antineoplastic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and reno-protective effects.
  • $970
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Isoniazid
T097254-85-3
Isoniazid (Isonicotinic hydrazide) is an antibacterial agent used primarily as a tuberculostatic.
  • $36
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Quinacrine dihydrochloride
T094269-05-6
Quinacrine dihydrochloride (Mepacrine dihydrochloride) is the dihydrochloride salt of the 9-aminoacridine derivative quinacrine with potential antineoplastic and antiparasitic activities.
  • $41
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Valproic acid sodium salt
T16021069-66-5
Valproic acid sodium salt (Sodium Valproate) is the sodium salt form of valproic acid with anti-epileptic activity. Valproic acid sodium salt is converted into its active form, valproate ion, in blood. Although the mechanism of action remains to be elucidated, Valproic acid sodium salt increases concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, probably due to inhibition of the enzymes responsible for the catabolism of GABA. This potentiates the synaptic actions of GABA. Valproic acid sodium salt may also affect potassium channels, thereby creating a direct membrane-stabilizing effect.
  • $42
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Naringin
T059510236-47-2
Naringin (Naringoside), a flavanone glycoside, exerts various of pharmacological effects such as blood lipid lowering, antioxidant activity, anticancer activity, and inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes.
  • $35
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Carbamazepine
T0943298-46-4
Carbamazepine (NSC-169864) is a tricyclic compound chemically related to tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) with anticonvulsant and analgesic properties. Carbamazepine exerts its anticonvulsant activity by reducing polysynaptic responses and blocking post-tetanic potentiation. Its analgesic activity is not understood; however, carbamazepine is commonly used to treat pain associated with trigeminal neuralgia.
  • $37
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Pitavastatin calcium
T2534147526-32-7
Pitavastatin calcium (NK-104) is a potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase (Ki: 1.7 nM). It lowers both total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in animals and humans. Metabolism of pitavastatin by the cytochrome P450 system is minimal, reducing the risk of drug-drug interactions.
  • $34
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Sunitinib Malate
T0374341031-54-7
Sunitinib Malate (Sunitinib) is an indolinone-based tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It blocks the tyrosine kinase activities of VEGFR2, PDGFRβ (IC50: 80 2 nM), and c-kit.
  • $37
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Torkinib
T24141092351-67-1
Torkinib (PP 242) (PP 242) is a selective and ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor (IC50: 8 nM). It also inhibits mTORC1 2 (IC50s: 30 58 nM).
  • $52
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AICAR phosphate
T14149681006-28-0
AICAR phosphate (Acadesine phosphate) is an AMPK activator and inhibitor of autophagy, YAP, and mitophagy. It serves as an adenosine analog, regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, and inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS.
  • $49
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BC1618
T89292222094-18-8
BC1618 (2-Propanol, 1-[bis(phenylmethyl)amino]-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-) is an orally active Fbxo48 inhibitor that stimulates Ampk-dependent signaling. It promotes mitochondrial fission, promotes autophagy and improves hepatic insulin sensitivity.
  • $30
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URB-597
T6714546141-08-6
URB-597 (FAAH Inhibitor II) is an effective, orally bioavailable FAAH inhibitor (IC50: 4.6 nM), and no effect on other cannabinoid-related targets.
  • $34
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Resveratrol analog 1
T12708861446-16-4
Resveratrol analog 1, an analog of Resveratrol, is a natural polyphenolic phytoalexin with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties.
  • $39
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Clioquinol
T0876130-26-7
Clioquinol (Iodochlorhydroxyquin) is an orally bioavailable, lipophilic, copper-binding, halogenated 8-hydroxyquinoline with antifungal, antiparasitic and potential antitumor activities.
  • $31
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Doxazosin mesylate
T010177883-43-3
Doxazosin mesylate (UK 33274 mesylate)(UK 33274) is a quinazoline-derivative. It is a selectively antagonizes postsynaptic α1-adrenergic receptors.
  • $38
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Dexamethasone acetate
T09471177-87-3
Dexamethasone acetate (NSC 39471) is the acetate salt form of Dexamethasone, a synthetic adrenal corticosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory properties. In addition to binding to specific nuclear steroid receptors, dexamethasone also interferes with NF-kB activation and apoptotic pathways. This agent lacks the salt-retaining properties of other related adrenal hormones.
  • $45
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GSK2578215A
T22401285515-21-0
GSK2578215A is a potent and selective LRRK2 kinase inhibitor.
  • $29
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GSK3-IN-3
T73331331963-27-0
GSK3-IN-3 is a mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) inducer and GSK-3 inhibitor (IC50: 3.01 μM) that induces parkin-dependent mitochondrial autophagy. GSK3-IN-3 is non-ATP and non-substrate competitive and neuroprotective against 6-OHDA.
  • $34
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U0126
T21332109511-58-2
U0126, an effective and selective non-competitive inhibitor of MAP kinase, inhibits MEK-1 and MEK-2 with IC50 values of 0.07 and 0.06 μM respectively. U0126 inhibits autophagy and mitophagy.
  • $158
35 days
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Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate
T13036135661-44-8In house
Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate (Sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate) is a long-chain fatty acid that inhibits fatty acid transport into cells. It is a potent and irreversible inhibitor of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and binds the CD36 receptor on the surface of microglia. Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate is neuroprotective and alleviates stroke-induced neuroinflammation [1] [2].
  • $1,520
6-8 weeks
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