Tyrosinase

Benzoyloxypaeoniflorin (Benzoyloxypeoniflorin) is a natural product,contributes to improving blood circulation through their inhibitory effects on both platelet aggregation and blood coagulation.

Glycyrrhisoflavone is a tyrosinase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory effects. Glycyrrhisoflavone inhibits α-glucosidase and monoamine oxidase.

Calycosin (Cyclosin) acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator. Calycosin induces apoptosis in human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells by activating caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins. Calycosin suppresses breast cancer cell growth via ERβ-dependent regulation of IGF-1R, p38 MAPK and PI3K Akt pathways. Calycosin has antineoplastic effects against osteosarcoma through inducing apoptosis showing in vitro and in vivo investigations. Calycosin was shown to induce angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures (HUVEC) in vitro. Calycosin may be an effective skin-lightening agent that regulates the expression of melanogenic enzymes. Calycosin exhibited tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC(50) value of 38.4 microM.

Glabridin (KB-289522) may serve as an anti-inflammatory agent in diabetes-related vascular dysfunction, through regulating the synthesis and activity of iNOS under high-glucose levels; may possess a therapeutic effect on metabolic disorders( such as diabetes and hyperglycemia), by modulating glucose metabolism through AMPK in skeletal muscle cells. Glabridin may have potential as a chemopreventive agent against liver Y metastasis, by inhibiting the invasion of human HCC cells.

EHT 1610 (EHT 5372) is a potent inhibitor of DYRK, with an IC50 of 0.36 nM and 0.59 nM for DYRK1A and DYRK1B, respectively. EHT 1610 has an inhibitory effect on leukemia, regulating cell cycle and inducing cell apoptosis.

Gnetol competitivity inhibits butyrylcholinesterase (IC50: 1.3 uM). Gnetol has a strong inhibitory effect on murine tyrosinase activity. Gnetol significantly suppresses melanin biosynthesis in murine B16 melanoma cells. It is active in the inhibition of a

Methyl rosmarinate is a noncompetitive tyrosinase inhibitor isolated from Rabdosia serra, with an IC50 of 0.28 mM for mushroom tyrosinase. It exhibits antioxidative and antifungal activities, and also inhibits tyrosinase, α±-glucosidase, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1).

(+)-Isocorydine hydrochloride (Isocorydine HCl) is a eukaryote protein kinases Inhibitor.

Taxifolin (Dihydroquercetin) is a flavonoid in many plants such as Taxus chinensis, Siberian larch, Cedrus deodara and so on.

2-Ketoglutaric acid is a key molecule in the tricarboxylic acid cycle,is also connected to glutamic acid and glutamine metabolisms through the transamination reactions.

Mizoribine (NSC-289637) belongs to the family of 1-Ribosyl-imidazolecarboxamides. Mizoribine has been investigated for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

1. Mulberroside has nephroprotective, hypoglycemic, and antidiabetic effects. 2. Mulberroside A is a glycosylated stilbene of oxyresveratrol; thus, the deglycosylation of Mulberroside A resulted in enhanced inhibition of melanogenesis. 3. Mulberroside A has anti-inflammatory antiapoptotic effects. by decreasing the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 and inhibiting the activation of NALP3, caspase-1, and nuclear factor-κB and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases, the c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38.

Aloesin is a C-glycosylated chromone compound found in aloe (Liliaceae) that inhibits tyrosinase (IC50 = 0.9 mM), an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the first step of the conversion of tyrosine to melanin.

ethyl rosmarinate inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, α-glucosidase, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1).

Licraside is a tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.072 mM for monophenolase and can be used in studies about antibrowning and depigmenting agents.

lavendustin C (NSC 666251) is a potent inhibitor of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor-associated tyrosine kinase.

5-Feruloylquinic acid (5-FQA) is a potent Sirt1 agonist and a potential lead compound for further testing in the drug development process for aging-associated diseases.

Arbutin (p-Arbutin)(β-Arbutin) is a glycosylated hydroquinone extracted from the bearberry plant in the genus Arctostaphylos and can inhibit tyrosinase and thus prevent the formation of melanin.

ZAP-180013 is an inhibitor of zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP70,IC50 : 1.8 μM).

Kojic acid is a fungal metabolite that inhibits tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in melanin synthesis, with an IC50 value of 30.6 μM for mushroom tyrosinase.

α-Arbutin (4-hydroxyphenyl-D-lucopyranoside) is a synthetic and functional active ingredient for skin lightening.

Wilforlide A (3-Epiabruslactone A) is a natural product, separated from the ethanolic extract of tripterygium wilfordii. High-dose wilforlide A has obvious anti-inflammatory effect, but has no significant immune suppressive activity.

Aloin (Aloin-A)(mixture of A&B), a natural anthracycline from Aloe vera, is a tyrosinase inhibitor.

Pinocembrin chalcone is an inhibitor of tyrosinase with antimutagenic effects. Pinocembrin chalcone can be used in studies about the prevention of gastric ulcers.