λ-Cyhalothrin (Icon) is a type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticide featuring a high-efficiency, broad-spectrum formula with an α-cyano group. It is employed across various applications for controlling a wide array of pests. As a neurotoxin, λ-Cyhalothrin acts on sodium channels in neuron membranes within the central nervous system.

λ-Cyhalothrin's toxicity mechanism involves delaying sodium channel inactivation, leading to prolonged depolarization of the nerve membrane. This compound causes membrane depolarization, influx of calcium ions, and neurotransmitter release in rat brain synaptosomes[1]. Additionally, λ-Cyhalothrin exhibits estrogenic qualities, acting as a xenoestrogen that promotes proliferation of human breast carcinoma cells in vitro[1]. It is extensively utilized for controlling pests (fleas, cockroaches, flies, and ants)[1] and is highly effective against Anopheles species, known for transmitting malaria[1].

The investigation assesses the impact of λ-Cyhalothrin (i.p.) on memory, movement activity, and coordination in mice subjected to bilateral clamping of the carotid arteries (BCCA). It was found that neither memory nor coordination was negatively affected by BCCA or λ-Cyhalothrin. However, a notable decline in exploratory locomotor activity was observed in the BCCA/LCH group, and spontaneous movement activity significantly decreased in the BCCA/λ-Cyhalothrin group. Furthermore, when exposed to λ-Cyhalothrin in the presence of BCCA, a decrease in motor activity was evident in mice during two subsequent 30-minute sessions[1].