Galegine hemisulfate, a guanidine derivative, aids in weight reduction in mice. It activates AMPK in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, L6 myotubes, H4IIE rat hepatoma cells, and HEK293 human renal cell lines. Galegine hemisulfate also exhibits antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 mg/L against Staphylococcus aureus strains.

Galegine (10 μM-3 mM; 5 hours) hemisulfate pretreatment induces a concentration-dependent stimulation of insulin-independent glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes without affecting cell viability. Similarly, incubation of Galegine (1 μM-1 mM, 5 hours) hemisulfate enhances glucose absorption in L6 myotubes in a concentration-dependent manner, also without impacting cell viability. Galegine (0.3-300 μM; 24 hours) hemisulfate slightly reduces basal glycerol release from 3T3-L1 adipocytes, while significantly decreasing isoprenaline-stimulated glycerol release. In H4IIE rat hepatoma cells, Galegine (10 or 300 μM) hemisulfate incubation for up to 6 hours results in time-dependent activation of AMPK, peaking at 360 minutes, with a two-fold activation observed at 24 hours in the presence of 300 μM Galegine hemisulfate, which is significantly more effective than 10 μM. In 3T3L-1 adipocytes and L6 myotubes, a 1-hour incubation with Galegine hemisulfate leads to concentration-dependent AMPK activation. Additionally, Galegine hemisulfate produces concentration-dependent enzyme activation in human kidney cell lines (HEK293).

Administering Galegine (63 mg/kg; Feed; once a day, for a total of 11 days) in hemisulfate form significantly reduces body weight.