RAAS

Angiotensin II human (Ang II) is a biologically active peptide, a vasoconstrictor. Angiotensin II interacts with AT1R and AT2R to regulate blood pressure, stimulate sympathetic nerves, and increase aldosterone biosynthesis and renal activity in humans.

Buloxibutid (AT2 receptor agonist C21) is a novel and selective small molecule angiotensin II AT2 receptor agonist, exhibiting Ki values of 0.4 nM and 10 μM for AT2 and AT1 receptors, respectively.

Tasosartan (WAY-ANA 756) is an antagonist of angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor (IC50 = 1.2 nM).

ME-3221 is an angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist that prevents hypertensive complications in aged stroke-prone hypertensive rats.

FPL-62129 is a calcium channel antagonist and a novel angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor with vasodilator activity for the study of cardiovascular disease.

L-162,313 is an ANG II receptor agonist, a nonpeptide that mimics the biological actions of angiotensin II and induces an increase in MAP.

Angiotensin II human acetate (DRVYIHPF acetate) is a vasoconstrictor that mainly acts on the AT1 receptor.

Remodelin hydrobromide (Remodelin HBR) is a novel potent and selective inhibitor of the acetyl-transferase protein NAT10.

L162389 is an orally active and potent angiotensin II receptor antagonist with a balanced affinity for AT1 and AT2 receptor subtypes that stimulates the conversion of phosphatidylinositol.

C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) (1-22), human, is the 1-22 fragment of the parent C-Type Natriuretic Peptide.

Sacubitril Valsartan (LCZ696) is an orally bioavailable, dual angiotensin II receptor and neprilysin inhibitor for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.

MLN-4760 is an angiotensin-converting (ACE2) inhibitor(human ACE2;IC50=0.44 nM). It also has excellent selectivity (>5000-fold) versus related enzymes including human testicular ACE (IC50, >100 μM) and bovine carboxypeptidase A (CPDA; IC50, 27 μM).

Valsartan (CGP 48933) is a tetrazole derivative and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker that is used to treat hypertension.

Plantainoside D (Isoplantamajoside) shows potent antioxidative effects as those of ascorbic acid, it shows angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory inhibitory activity in vitro with the IC(50) value of 2.17 mM, it also shows inhibitory activity against PKCalpha with the IC50 value14.8microM.

Aviptadil Acetate (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide acetate salt) induces pulmonary vasodilation and inhibits the proliferation of vascular SMCs and platelet aggregation. Avitadil acetate can be used for research on pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension (PAH), and respiratory failure caused by SARS-CoV-2.

Acetyl Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro is formed in bone marrow cells by enzymatic processing of thymosin β4. It inhibits the entry of pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells into S-phase of the cell cycle and protects against Ara-C lethality in mice.

Telmisartan (BIBR 277) is an Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blocker. The mechanism of action of telmisartan is as an Angiotensin 2 Receptor Antagonist.

Prosaikogenin G is a compound isolated from the roots of Buleurum bicaule Helm (Apiaceae) and id a derivative of Saikosaponin d in the gastrointestinal tract, exhibiting a significant inhibitory effect on angiotensin II-induced proliferation of mesangial

Angiotensin (1-7) (ASP-ARG-VAL-TYR-ILE-HIS-PRO) is a synthetic heptapeptide identical to endogenous angiotensin-(1-7) , inhibits purified canine ACE activity (IC50=0.65 μM) with vasodilator and antiproliferative activities.

Allisartan Isoproxil is a nonpeptide antagonist of angiotensin II receptor and can be used in studies about hypertension and heart diseases.

Losartan (DuP-753) is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist.

YS-49 is an activator of PI3K Akt (a downstream target of RhoA).

Sparsentan (DARA-a) is a first-in-class orally active and highly potent dual endothelin A and angiotensin II receptor antagonist(Ki of 9.3 and 0.8 nM, respectively)

Candesartan (CV 11974) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker widely used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.

Azilsartan (TAK-536) is an Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blocker that acts as an Angiotensin 2 Type 1 Receptor Antagonist, leading to a physiologic effect of decreased blood pressure.

TRV-120027 acetate is a β-arrestin-1-biased agonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1 receptor) and engages -arrestins while blocking G-protein signaling.

Benazeprilat(CGS 14831) is an orally active active metabolite of Benazepril.Benazeprilat has potent antihypertensive activity and can be used in combination with other classes of compounds, including thiazide diuretics and calcium channel blockers, to reduce the incidence of diseases associated with cardiovascular risk and secondary end-organ damage.Benazeprilat may be be used to study acute left ventricular failure.

Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is an endogenous transnitrosation donor involved in S-nitrosation of a variety of cellular proteins. GSNO, an exogenous NO donor and substrate of rat alcohol dehydrogenase class III isoenzyme, inhibits cerebral angiotensin II-dependent and -independent AT1 receptor responses.

Irbesartan (SR-47436) is an Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blocker whose mechanism of action involves antagonizing the Angiotensin 2 Receptor.

Losartan potassium (DuP-753 potassium), an Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker, selectively and competitively inhibits the binding of angiotensin II to the angiotensin I (AT1) receptor.

Captopril (SA333) is a potent and specific inhibitor of peptidyl-dipeptidase A. It blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure.

Araloside A (Chikusetsusaponin IV) might relieve cutaneous symptoms caused by excessive apoptotic cell death in the skin through the Fas FasL pathway.

Tranilast (SB 252218), an antiallergic drug, suppresses lipid mediator and cytokine release from inflammatory cells, therefore utilized in the treatment of allergic disorders.

Deserpidine (Harmonyl) is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an ester alkaloid drug isolated from Rauwolfia canescens (family Apocynaceae) with antipsychotic and antihypertensive properties that has been used for the control of high blood pressure and for the relief of psychotic behavior.Deserpidine's mechanism of action is through inhibition of the ATP Mg2+ pump responsible for the sequestering of neurotransmitters into storage vesicles located in the presynaptic neuron. Deserpidine is a competitive angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Deserpidine also decreases angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex.

Ramiprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity.

Candesartan Cilexetil (TCV-116) is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist (IC50: 0.26 nM). Upon hydrolysis to candesartan during gastrointestinal absorption, it selectively competes with angiotensin II for binding to the angiotensin II receptor subtype 1 (AT1) in vascular smooth muscle, blocking angiotensin II-mediated vasoconstriction and inducing vasodilatation.

VTP-27999 TFA is an inhibitor of Renin (IC50 : 0.47 nM).

Vicenin 2 is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=43.83 μM) from the aerial parts of Desmodium styracifolium. Vicenin 2 is an inhibitor of α-glucosidase, PTP1B, and RLAR. Vicenin 2 has hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and DTL co-administration is more effective than either of the single agents in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Vicenin 2 might be a useful lead for the development of multiple target-oriented therapeutic modalities for the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-associated complications. Vicenin 2 could act as a UV light barrier to protect the plants.

Lisinopril (Prinivil), the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, is used primarily in the treatment of high heart failure, blood pressure, and heart attacks. It is also used for preventing eye and kidney complications in people with diabetes.

Alacepril (DU-1219) is a relatively novel angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, used as an antihypertensive

Enalapril is a dicarbocyl-containing peptide and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity.

Ophiopogonin D is a natural product,and is a CYP2J3 inducer that significantly inhibits Ang II induced NF-κB nuclear translocation.

Resorcinolnaphthalein is a specific enhancer of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (EC50 value of 19.5 μM).

Lisinopril dihydrate （MK-521) is an orally bioavailable, long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity.

Azilsartan Medoxomil (TAK-491) is an orally administered angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist with IC50 of 0.62 nM, which used in the treatment of adults with essential hypertension.

Enalapril Maleate (MK-421 Maleate), an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, is utilized in the treatment of hypertension, chronic heart failure , and diabetic nephropathy.

Eprosartan (SKF-108566J free base) is a selective, competitive nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist with high affinity for AT1 receptor subtypes, used as an antihypertensive agent. It exhibits inhibitory effects on angiotensin II receptors with IC50 values of 9.2 nM in rat adrenocortical membranes and 3.9 nM in human adrenocortical membranes.

Aliskiren hemifumarate (CGP60536B) is an orally active nonpeptide renin inhibitor with antihypertensive activity.