Ampicillin Sodium is the sodium salt form of ampicillin, a broad-spectrum semisynthetic derivative of aminopenicillin. Ampicillin sodium (Domicillin) inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin binding proteins, thereby inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis, a critical component of the bacterial cell wall.

HEK293 cells:> 100 μM (CC50), transporter:9.9 mM (Ki), carnitine/carnitine antiport:7.6 mM, enzyme transpeptidase:1.8 µg/mL

Belonging to the penicillin group of beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin is able to penetrate Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. Ampicillin acts as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme transpeptidase, which is needed by bacteria to make their cell walls. Ampicillin inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis in binary fission, which ultimately leads to cell lysis.

Ampicillin has been shown to effectively alleviate symptoms of hemorrhagic enteritis in 11-week-old pigs [3] and achieves peak bile concentrations twice that of serum levels. Following oral administration, its concentration in portal blood is double that found in peripheral blood [4]. Furthermore, ampicillin offers neuroprotective benefits against ischemia-reperfusion brain injury by diminishing MMP activities and elevating GLT-1 expression levels. Pretreatment with ampicillin also significantly mitigates medial hippocampal cell death after global forebrain ischemia [5].