Bafilomycin A1 belongs to the macrolide class of antibiotics and is a V-ATPase inhibitor (IC50=0.44 nM) that is specific and reversible. Bafilomycin A1 is an inhibitor of the late phase of autophagy, blocking the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Bafilomycin A1 also induces apoptosis.

Ceftolozane sulfate (FR-264205) is a cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, inhibits P. aeruginosa PAO1, inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and is used in the study of pneumonia.

Rapamycin (AY 22989) is a natural product of macrolides, an mTOR inhibitor with specificity (HEK293 cells: IC50=0.1 nM). Rapamycin has immunosuppressive activity and induces autophagy.

G-418 disulfate (Geneticin sulfate) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that selectively inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis by blocking peptide chain elongation.

Durlobactam sodium salt (ETX2514) is a beta-lactamase inhibitor with IC50 values of 4 nM, 14 nM and 190 nM against class A KPC-2, class C AmpC and class D OXA-24.

Doxorubicin hydrochloride is an anthracycline antibiotic with cytotoxic and antitumor activity. It is an effective inhibitor of human DNA topoisomerase I and II, with IC50 values of 0.8 μM and 2.67 μM, respectively. In addition to inhibiting DNA topoisomerases, it can reduce the phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream target, acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Doxorubicin hydrochloride also induces apoptosis and autophagy. In animal studies, it is commonly used to induce models of acute renal failure, chronic kidney injury, and heart failure.

Nigericin sodium salt is an antibiotic, an NLRP3 activator, and a cationic ion carrier. Nigericin sodium triggers the activation of the NALP3 inflammasome, which inhibits Golgi function and suppresses the growth of Gram-positive bacteria.

Puromycin dihydrochloride (CL13900 dihydrochloride) is a cinnamamide adenosine antibiotic and an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Puromycin dihydrochloride inhibits protein synthesis by binding to RNA and has antitumor and antitrypanosomal activity.

Streptozotocin (Streptozocin, NSC-85998) is an antibiotic that enters pancreatic β-cells via the glucose transporter (GLUT2) and induces DNA methylation, leading to β-cell apoptosis. It is toxic to insulin-producing cells and commonly used to establish diabetic animal models. This product is unstable in solution and is recommended to be prepared freshly before use.

Tunicamycin is a mixture of antibiotics that inhibit N-linked glycosylation by blocking GlcNAc phosphotransferase (GPT). Tunicamycin has antitumor activity, as well as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral activity.

Staurosporine (AM-2282) is a protein kinase inhibitor with ATP-competitive and non-selective inhibitory activity (IC50=6/15/2/3/3000 nM) against PKC, PKA, c-Fgr, phosphorylase kinase and TAOK2. Staurosporine also induces apoptosis.

Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody, a human-mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody that inhibits TNF-α and prevents TNF-α from interacting with TNFR1 and TNFR2. Infliximab can be used to treat Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis.

Zidebactam (WCK-5107) is an effective β-lactamase inhibitor. Zidebactam also is a penicillin-binding protein2 inhibitor (IC50: 0.26 μg/mL).

Doxycycline is an orally active tetracycline antibiotic with broad-spectrum inhibitory effects on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), possessing both antibacterial and antitumor activities, and is commonly used in inducible gene expression ON-OFF systems.

Adalimumab (anti-TNF-alpha) is the first fully human recombinant IgG1 monoclonal antibody that specifically targets human TNF-alpha.

Nitrocefin is an antibiotic. It being sensitive to hydrolysis by all lactamases produced by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

LL-37, Human acetate is a 37-residue, amphipathic, cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide, which exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a commonly used solvent to dissolve polar and non-polar compounds. Dimethyl sulfoxide has been widely used for masterbatch preparation of compounds in biological experiments. Dimethyl sulfoxide has bacteriostatic activity.

Ionomycin is a calcium ion carrier and an antibiotic that binds to calcium ions (Ca2+). The main function of Ionomycin is to induce cellular responses by increasing the intracellular calcium ion concentration. In experiments, Ionomycin is typically used to activate calcium-dependent processes, such as apoptosis and enzyme activity.

(L)-Sodium lactate (Sodium L-Lactate) is produced from pyruvate by the enzyme Lactate Dehydrogenase. Lactate production occurs during anaerobic glycolysis or in proliferatively active cells. L-Lactic Acid occurs in small quantities in the blood and muscle fluid of man and animals. The lactic acid concentration increases in muscle and blood after vigorous activity. L-Lactic acid is also present in liver, kidney, thymus gland, human amniotic fluid, and other organs and body fluids.

Gut restricted-7 (GR-7) is a covalent and orally active pan-bile salt hydrolase (BSH) inhibitor that reduces gut bacterial BSHs and decreases deconjugated bile acid levels in the feces of mice.

Blasticidin S HCl is a natural product and an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Blasticidin S HCl is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that can inhibit the cell growth of prokaryotes, fungi, plants and mammalian cells.

Ixabepilone (Azaepothilone B) is an orally bioavailable microtubule inhibitor. It binds to tubulin and promotes tubulin polymerization and microtubule stabilization, thereby arresting cells in the G2-M phase of the cell cycle and inducing tumor cell apoptosis.

Biclotymol is used in the study about infectious oropharyngeal diseases.