Aprotinin (Traskolan) is a broad-spectrum serine protease (BPTI) inhibitor that inhibits the activity of a number of different esterases and proteases. Aprotinin is an antifibrinolytic agent used to minimize hemorrhage during complex surgical procedures.

Chymotrypsin:9.5 nM (Kd), Trypsin:0.06 pM (Kd), Kallikrein:0.8 nM (Kd), Trypsinogen:2 μM (Kd)

METHODS: SARS-CoV-2 infected Caco2 cells were treated with Aprotinin (0-20 µM) for 48 h and cytopathic effect (CPE) was detected.
RESULTS: Aprotinin showed antiviral effects on CPE formation in SARS-CoV-2 infected Caco2 cells with an IC50 range of 0.81 µM-1.03 µM. [1]
METHODS: VSMCs cells were pretreated with Aprotinin (1-100 µM) for 1 h, treated with cytokines (10 ng/mL IL-1β+25 ng/ml TNF-α) for 12 h, and then the target gene and protein expression levels were detected by Western Blot and RT-PCR.
RESULTS: Aprotinin stimulated a significant increase in HO-1 protein levels and mRNA levels with cytokines in a concentration-dependent manner. [2]

METHODS: To study in vivo anti-influenza virus activity, Aprotinin (2 mg/kg) was administered intravenously twice daily for 5 days to lethally A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus-infected C57BL/6 mice.
RESULTS: Aprotinin alone did not cause weight loss in mice, and the survival rate of PBS-treated mice was 0% at 8 days post-infection. Meanwhile, the group of mice treated with Aprotinin showed a 75% survival rate. [3]

Substrates and kinases are diluted in 50?mM Tris/HCl (pH?7.5), 0.1% 2-mercaptoethanol, 0.1?mM EGTA and 10?mM magnesium acetate. Reactions are initiated with [γ-32P]ATP (2500 c.p.m./pmol) to a final concentration of 0.1?mM and terminated after 15?min at 30°C by the addition of SDS and EDTA (pH?7.0) to final concentrations of 1.0% (w/v) and 20?mM respectively. After heating for 5?min at 100°C and separation by SDS/PAGE, the phosphorylated proteins are detected by autoradiography.

Mouse G8-1 myoblasts are plated DMEM + 20% FBS (maintenance medium), in which they remain undifferentiated. When cells reach approximately 40-50% confluence, different protease inhibitors are added to the culture media and cells are incubated overnight. Cells are then switched to differentiation-promoting media (DMEM + 10% horse serum ± protease inhibitor) and incubated for 7 days. (Only for Reference)