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Doxorubicin (Alias: Hydroxydaunorubicin, DOX, Adriamycin)

Name: Doxorubicin
Brand: TargetMol
SKU: T1456
Price: 39 USD
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (10 reviews)

Catalog No. T1456 Copy Product Info

Purity: 99.31%

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Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) is a fluorescent anthracycline antitumor antibiotic that inhibits Topoisomerase I/II, induces apoptosis and autophagy, downregulates the AMPK signaling pathway, and is commonly used in cancer chemotherapy as well as in models of nephritis and heart failure.

Doxorubicin

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Catalog No. T1456

Alias Hydroxydaunorubicin, DOX, Adriamycin

Cas No. 23214-92-8

Pack Size	Price	USA Stock	Global Stock	Quantity
25 mg	$39	In Stock	In Stock
50 mg	$54	In Stock	In Stock

In stock · Estimated delivery: USA Stock (1-2 days) Global Stock (5-7 days)

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For research use only—not for human use. No sales to individuals. Use as intended only.

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Purity:99.31%

Appearance:Solid

Color:Red

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COA HNMR LCMS

Product Introduction

Bioactivity

Description	Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) is a fluorescent anthracycline antitumor antibiotic that inhibits Topoisomerase I/II, induces apoptosis and autophagy, downregulates the AMPK signaling pathway, and is commonly used in cancer chemotherapy as well as in models of nephritis and heart failure.
Targets&IC50	Topo I:0.8 μM (IC50), Topo II:2.67 μM (IC50)
In vitro	The combination of Doxorubicin and Simvastatin at the highest tested concentrations (2 μM and 10 μM, respec-tively) kills 97% of the Hela cells[2].
In vivo	In an experiment, mice with PC3 xenografts received injections of Doxorubicin at dosages of 2, 4, or 8 mg/kg, and tumor volume was monitored. The 2 mg/kg dose did not inhibit tumor growth, but doses of 4 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg initially delayed growth, significantly reducing c-FLIP levels in the tumors (p<0.05 on days 18 and 22)[3]. In a separate study with rats, treatments involved a single intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg Doxorubicin, ten daily injections of 1 mg/kg, or five weekly injections of 2 mg/kg, resulting in an 80% mortality rate by day 28 for the first group, and on days 107 and 98 for the latter groups, respectively. Furthermore, fractional shortening—a measure of heart function—decreased by 30% in the first group at week 2, 55% in the second group at week 13, and 42% in the third group at week 13[4].
Disease Modeling Protocol	Cardiomyopathy model Modeling Mechanism： Doxorubicin (DOX) induces cardiac damage through multiple pathways: ① It triggers oxidative stress, inhibiting NRF2-mediated antioxidant pathways (downregulation of genes such as NRF2, GST, and HO-1), leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation; ② It interferes with the protein ubiquitination system, disrupting cardiomyocyte protein homeostasis; ③ It inhibits the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, promoting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and necrosis; ④ It damages mitochondrial function, affecting energy metabolism, ultimately leading to myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and decreased cardiac function. Related Products： Doxorubicin (T1456) Modeling Method： Experimental Subject： Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Female Dosage and Administration Route： 15 mg/kg Doxorubicin, dissolved in physiological saline, intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) Dosing Frequency and Duration Model： Single dose Validation： 1. Pathological Indicators: - Myocardial Injury: HE staining showed myocardial cell degeneration and necrosis; Masson staining revealed interstitial fibrosis. - Hematological Changes: Lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed (48 hours after modeling). 2. Molecular Indicators: - Gene Expression: 2411 genes were synchronously differentially expressed (SDRG) in myocardial and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), including downregulation of antioxidant genes such as NRF2 (-2.085-fold) and HO-1 (-2.849-fold), and upregulation of S100A8/A9 (calcium-binding protein). - Signaling Pathways: Western blot showed decreased expression of PI3K/AKT pathway-related proteins and disordered expression of ubiquitination-related molecules. 3. Biochemical Indicators: - Serum Markers: Decreased albumin (ALB), increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), and creatinine (CRE) (48 hours after modeling). - Tissue Drug Concentration: DOX in myocardial tissue. The concentration reached 0.342±0.22 μg/mg protein (p=0.051), and the blood concentration reached 0.591±0.041 μg/ml (p<0.01); 4. Functional indicators: - Cardiac function: Echocardiography of the chronic model showed a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and abnormal diastolic function. Precautions： All rats were euthanized within 48 hours of DOX administration under deep isoflurane anesthesia. References：Todorova VK,et,al. Transcriptome profiling of peripheral blood cells identifies potential biomarkers for doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in a rat model. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e48398.
Cell Research	Doxorubicin is dissolved in stock solutions (1 mM) and serially diluted with RPMI 1640 media (0.1, 1, and 2 μM)[2]. 160 μL of Hela cells suspension (3×104 cell/mL) is dispensed into three 96-well U-bottom microplates and incubated for 24 h at 37°C in a fully humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. In plate 1, serial dilutions of Doxorubicin (20 μL; final concentration, 0.1-2 μM) and Simvastatin (20 μL; final concentration, 0.25-2 μM) are added to a final volume of 200 μL and incubated for another 72 h. In plates 2 and 3 serial dilutions of each drug (Simvastatin or Doxorubicin, 40 μL) are added. After an incubation period of 24 h, the medium is aspirated and the cells are washed in PBS. Then, serial dilutions of other drug (40 μL) are added and supplemented with culture medium to a final volume of 200 μL, and incubated for 48 h. Doxorubicin and Simvastatin are used individually as positive controls (40 μL in each well), and the cells treated only with solvent are considered as negative controls. To evaluate cell survival, 20 μL of MTT solution (5 mg/mL in PBS) is added to each well and incubated for 3 h. Then the media is replaced with 150 μL of DMSO, and complete solubilization of formazan crystals is achieved by repeated pipetting of the solution. Absorbance is then determined at 540 nm by an ELISA plate reader. Each drug concentration is assayed in 4 or 8 wells and repeated 3 times. The cytotoxic/cytostatic effect of Doxorubicin is expressed as the relative viability (% control) and calculated. Percentage of cell survival in the negative control is assumed as 100. Relative viability=(experimental absorbance-background absorbance)/ (absorbance of untreated controls-background absorbance)×100 %[2].
Synonyms	Hydroxydaunorubicin, DOX, Adriamycin

Chemical Properties

Molecular Weight	543.52
Formula	C₂₇H₂₉NO₁₁
Cas No.	23214-92-8
Smiles	COc1cccc2C(=O)c3c(O)c4C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O[C@H]5C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O5)c4c(O)c3C(=O)c12)C(=O)CO
Relative Density.	1.61 g/cm3

Storage & Solubility Information

Storage

keep away from direct sunlight,keep away from moisture | Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year | Shipping with blue ice/Shipping at ambient temperature.

Solubility Information

H2O: 50 mg/mL (91.99 mM), Sonication is recommended.

DMSO: 49 mg/mL (90.15 mM), Sonication is recommended.

Solution Preparation Table

DMSO/H2O

	1mg	5mg	10mg	50mg
1 mM	1.8399 mL	9.1993 mL	18.3986 mL	91.9929 mL
5 mM	0.3680 mL	1.8399 mL	3.6797 mL	18.3986 mL
10 mM	0.1840 mL	0.9199 mL	1.8399 mL	9.1993 mL
20 mM	0.0920 mL	0.4600 mL	0.9199 mL	4.5996 mL
50 mM	0.0368 mL	0.1840 mL	0.3680 mL	1.8399 mL

Note : The dilution table applies only to solid products. For liquid products, please calculate the stock solution based on the stated concentration and/or density.

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In Vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Please enter your animal experiment information in the following box and click Calculate to obtain the stock solution preparation method and in vivo formula preparation method:

For example, if the intended dosage is 10 mg/kg for animals weighing 20 g , with a dosing volume of 100 μL per animal, TargetMol | Animal experiments

and a total of 10 animals are to be administered, using a formulation of TargetMol | reagent

10% DMSO+ 40% PEG300+ 5% Tween 80+ 45% Saline/PBS/ddH₂O , the resulting working solution concentration would be 2 mg/mL.

Stock Solution Preparation:

Dissolve 2 mg of the compound in 100 μL DMSO TargetMol | reagent to obtain a stock solution at a concentration of 20 mg/mL . If the required concentration exceeds the compound's known solubility, please contact us for technical support before proceeding.

Preparation of the In Vivo Formulation:

1) Add 100 μL of the DMSO TargetMol | reagent stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix thoroughly until the solution becomes clear.

2) Add 50 μL Tween 80 and mix well until fully clarified.

3) Add 450 μL Saline,PBS or ddH₂O TargetMol | reagent and mix thoroughly until a homogeneous solution is obtained.

This example is provided solely to demonstrate the use of the In Vivo Formulation Calculator and does not constitute a recommended formulation for any specific compound. Please select an appropriate dissolution and formulation strategy based on your experimental model and route of administration.

All co-solvents required for this protocol, includingDMSO, PEG300/PEG400, Tween 80, SBE-β-CD, and Corn oil, are available for purchase on the TargetMol website.

Dose Conversion

You can also refer to dose conversion for different animals. More Dose Conversion

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Please see Inhibitor Handling Instructions for more frequently ask questions. Topics include: how to prepare stock solutions, how to store products, and cautions on cell-based assays & animal experiments, etc