Plumbagin (Plumbaein) is a yellow dye, formally derived from naphthoquinone. It is named after the plant genus Plumbago, from which it was originally isolated. It is also commonly found in the carnivorous plant genera Drosera and Nepenthes. It is also a component of the black walnut drupe.

Demeclocycline (Declostatin) is a tetracycline antibiotic produced by a strain of Streptomyces aureofaciens.Demeclocycline has antimicrobial activity and inhibits the action of vasopressin on the renal tubules, leading to diuresis. Demeclocycline can be used to induce diuresis and acute renal failure.

Ubiquinone-1 (UQ-1) is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q, an essential coenzyme in the body's redox reactions, involved in multiple oxidation-reduction processes.

Deoxylapachol has anti-wood rot activity, it can inhibit the brown rot fungi Gloeophyllum sepiarium CBS 353.74 and Gloeophyllum trabeum CBS 318.50 and the white rot fungi Merulius tremellosus CBS 280.73 and Phlebia brevispora CBS 509.92. It also can induc

Menadione (Vitamin K3) is a synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.

Primin is a natural product stored in trichomes on the leaves and stems of Primula obconica, exhibiting antimycobacterial and strong antineoplastic actions.

β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin is a natural product isolated from Arnebia nobilis Reichb.f, increases collagen and involucrin content in skin cells.

Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) a fat-soluble, naturally occurring vitamin with antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.

1. Deoxyshikonin (Arnebin 7) may be a new drug candidate for wound healing and treatment of lymphatic diseases. 2. Deoxyshikonin enhances the ability of human dermal lymphatic microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-dLy) to undergo time-dependent in vitro cord formation. 3. Deoxyshikonin and dodecyl gallate show significantly synergic antimicrobial activity with penicillin in vivo and in vitro, and can effectively reduce nasopharyngeal and lung colonization caused by different penicillin-resistant pneumococcal serotypes.

Rhein (NSC 38629) is an anthraquinone compound extracted from Polygonaceae Rheum Officinale with anti-inflammation and antitumor activities.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) (ubiquinone) is a naturally occurring compound, acting as the electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

Chrysophanol 8-O-β-D-(6'-O-galloyl)glucopyranoside is a naturally occurring anthraquinone glycoside that scavenges DPPH radicals and O2-.

Physcion (Physcione) (Parietin) is an anthraquinone isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, acts as an inhibitor of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, with an IC50 and a Kd of 38.5 μM and 26.0 μM, respectively. Physcion (Parietin) exhibits laxative, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-proliferative and anti-tumor effects.

Embelin (Embelic acid), isolated from the Japanese Ardisia herb, is an inhibitor of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (IC50: 4.1 uM).

Homoembelin (2,5-dihydroxy-3-nonyl-1,4-benzoquinone) is a pigment from E. ribes and C. monocarpus that has antibacterial effects and can be used to study multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.

Cornoside is a natural phenolic glycoside that inhibits rat lens aldose reductase (AR) activity, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic complications.

Aloe emodin (Rhabarberone) is an interferon-inducing agent, for JEV （IC50=1 μg mL） and EV71（IC50=0.33 μg mL ）.

During hypoxia in rats, levels of α-tocopherylquinon have been found to rise. alpha-Tocopherolquinone (Metarene) is reported to downregulate the respiratory activity of mitochondria. alpha-Tocopherolquinone has also displayed antioxidant activities after it is reduced to tocopherylhydroquinone.

Emodin 6-O-β-D-glucoside (Glucoemodin) can protect barrier integrity and inhibit HMGB1-mediated inflammatory responses, which suggests a potential use as a therapy for sepsis or septic shock. Emodin 6-O-beta-D-glucoside has anti-inflammatory activities and also may have significant therapeutic benefits against diabetic complications and atherosclerosis.

Menaquinone-4 (Vitamin K2) is a vitamin K compound used as a hemostatic agent, and also as adjunctive therapy for the pain of osteoporosis.

Isobutylshikonin exhibits obvious antioxidant activities , it exerts very good radical scavenging activities toward ABTS+ but shows moderate inhibition of DPPH·.

Xyloidone (NSC-106453) exhibits antifungal activity and completely inhibits the mycelial growth of B. cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Simmonds, M. grisea, and Pythium ultimum Trow over a range of 0.4-33.3 mg L.

(-)-Alkannin (Shikonin) is a natural red naphthoquinone pigment, has antimicrobial, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory effects; a purified shikonin preparation is widely used for the production of medicinals, cosmetics, and some food products; shikonin also enters into the antiinflammatory ointment and cream compositions used for the treatment of burns. It can suppress the cell viability, adhesion, invasion and migratory ability of MGC-803 cells through TLR2- or NF-κB-mediated pathway.

1. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Dimethylacrylshikonin) is a promising agent for developing an improved strategy for radiotherapy against tumors. (a) Injection of Dimethylacrylshikonin combined with IR treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth of the HCT-116 xenograft. (b) Dimethylacrylshikonin significantly suppressed the growth of H(22) transplantable hepatoma, and induced the activation of caspase-3 . (c) Dimethylacrylshikonin inhibited growth of gastric cancer SGC-791 cells by inducing ERK signaling pathway. 2. Dimethylacrylshikonin inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in vitro by inducing apoptosis through the downregulation of Bcl-2, upregulation of Bax and partial inactivation of the NF-κB pathway.