Boldine (1,10-Dimethoxy-2,9-dihydroxyaporphine) is a natual product .Boldine displays anti-cancer, cytoprotective , anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Boldine was able to reduce cell viability and cell proliferation in T24 cells.?In addition, boldine arrests the cell cycle at G2/M-phase and cause cell death by apoptosis.?Boldine-induced inhibition of cell growth and cell cycle arrest appears to be linked to inactivation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase protein (ERK).?Additionally, the efficacy of boldine in apoptosis-induced in T24 cells is correlated with modulation of AKT (inactivation) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) (activation) proteins[1].

Boldine reduced oxidative stress and improved endothelium-dependent relaxation in aortas of diabetic mice largely through inhibiting ROS overproduction associated with Ang II-mediated BMP4-dependent mechanisms[2].

Sulforhodamine B assay, Tetrazolium reduction assay, Flow Cytometry Analysis, Ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity and Western blot assay were performed[1].

Vascular reactivity was studied in mouse aortas from db/db diabetic and normal mice.?Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, angiotensin AT1 receptor localization and protein expression of oxidative stress markers in the vascular wall were evaluated by dihydroethidium fluorescence, lucigenin enhanced-chemiluminescence, immunohistochemistry and Western blot respectively.?Primary cultures of mouse aortic endothelial cells, exposed to high concentrations of glucose (30?mmol L(-1) ) were also used[2].