PI3K

Inavolisib (GDC-0077) is an orally available selective PI3Kα inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.038 nM.It exerts its activity by binding to the ATP-binding site of PI3K, thereby inhibiting the phosphorylation of PIP2 to PIP3.

LY294002 (SF 1101) is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of PI3K, inhibiting PI3Kα, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kβ (IC50=0.5/0.57/0.97 μM). LY294002 is also an inhibitor of DNA-PK (IC50=1.4 μM) and an inhibitor of CK2 (IC50=98 nM). LY294002 activates apoptosis and autophagy.

3-Methyladenine (3-MA) is a PI3K inhibitor that selectively inhibits class IB PI3Kγ (IC50 = 60 μM) and class III VPS34 (IC50 = 25 μM). 3-Methyladenine inhibits autophagy.

STX-478 is an orally active and selective PI3Kα inhibitor that penetrates the blood-brain barrier and has anticancer activity to inhibit tumor growth.STX-478 is indicated for the study of breast cancer and other cancers.

RLY-2608 is a selective mutant PI3Kα inhibitor that inhibits tumor growth in a PIK3CA mutant xenograft model.

Taurocholic acid (N-Choloyltaurine) is a bile acid involved in fat emulsification, possessing notable biological and immunomodulatory activities. It can inhibit bile duct injury induced by hepatic artery ligation by upregulating VEGF-A expression and protect cholangiocytes from TNF-α-induced damage via a PI3K-mediated pathway, and is commonly used to induce pancreatitis models.

AZD-7648 is an inhibitor of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) with the IC50 of 0.63 nM in an enzyme assay,has anti-tumor activity.

Quercetin, a flavonoid natural product, is a SIRT1 activator. It is also a PI3K inhibitor, inhibiting PI3Kγ, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kβ with IC50 values of 2.4, 3.0, and 5.4 μM, respectively. Recognized as a heat shock protein inhibitor, Quercetin can significantly reduce exosome release in TII models by downregulating Hsp70 or Hsp90.

Alpelisib (BYL-719) is a PI3Kα inhibitor (IC50=5 nM) with selective, potent, and oral activity, inhibiting PI3Kβ γ δ with low activity (IC50=250 290 1200 nM). Alpelisib demonstrates antitumor activity and specifically targets PIK3CA mutant tumors.

Protectin D1 (Neuroprotectin D1) is a neuroprotectin produced by neuronal cells and is a potential cardioprotective agent.Protectin D1 attenuates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury and inhibits imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation by modulating the PI3K AKT signaling pathway.

740 Y-P (740YPDGFR) is a PI3K activator with cell permeability. 740 Y-P binds GST fusion proteins containing the N-and C-terminal SH2 domains of p85.

GSK251 is a novel, orally bioavailable inhibitor of PI3Kδ, exhibiting high potency and selectivity, with a unique binding mode.

Cytochalasin D is an actin inhibitor, the removal of actin stress fibers is crucial for the chondrogenic differentiation. It may be an inhibitor of some fertilization processes such as sperm penetration or sperm head decondensation. Cytochalasin D inhibit

Wortmannin (SL-2052) is a PI3K inhibitor (IC50=3 nM) that is covalent and irreversible. Wortmannin is also an inhibitor of PlK1 and PlK3 (IC50=5.8/48 nM) that blocks autophagy.

Apilimod (STA 5326) inhibits the production of IL-12 and IL-23 and reduces dendritic cell infiltration in psoriasis.

PIK-75, a DNA-PK and PI3K inhibitor, suppresses DNA-PK(IC50=2 nM), p110α(IC50=5.8 nM) and p110γ(IC50=76 nM).

Torin 1 is an effective inhibitor of mTORC1/2 with (IC50: 2 nM/10 nM); has 1000-fold selectivity for mTOR than PI3K.

iMDK quarterhydrate is a potent PI3K inhibitor that inhibits the growth factor MDK (also known as midkine or MK). iMDK quarterhydrate synergistically inhibits non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with MEK inhibitors without harming normal cells and mice.

Copanlisib dihydrochloride (BAY 80-6946 dihydrochloride) is an ATP-competitive pan-class I PI3K inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.5 nM for PI3Kα, 0.7 nM for PI3Kδ, 3.7 nM for PI3Kβ, and 6.4 nM for PI3Kγ. It exhibits superior antitumor activity and demonstrates more than 2,000-fold selectivity against other lipid and protein kinases, except for mTOR.

hSMG-1 inhibitor 11e is an effective and selective inhibitor of hSMG-1 (IC50 <0.05 nM) and can be used in studies about cancer treatment.

Solenopsin HCl is an alkaloid extracted from fire ants, inhibiting phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling and angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner, affecting cardiovascular function, and used in cardiovascular disease research.

MOMIPP is a PIKfyve inhibitor and a macropinocytosis inducer. MOMIPP readily penetrates the blood-brain barrier and is moderately effective in suppressing progression of intracerebral glioblastoma xenografts[1][2].

Isorhamnetin (3-methylquercetin) is the methylated metabolite of quercetin. Quercetin is an important dietary flavonoid with in vitro antioxidant activity. Isorhamnetin prevents endothelial cell injuries from oxidized LDL via inhibition of lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 upregulation, interference of ox-LDL-mediated intracellular signaling pathway (p38MAPK activation, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, eNOS expression) and the antioxidant activity of isorhamnetin. Isorhamnetin prevents endothelial dysfunction, superoxide production, and overexpression of p47phox induced by angiotensin II. Isorhamnetin appears to be a potent drug against esophageal cancer due to it's in vitro potential to not only inhibit proliferation but also induce apoptosis of Eca-109 cells.

Dihydrocapsaicin (CCRIS1589) is isolated from Capsicum fruit. Capsaicin is the primary active component of the heat and pain-eliciting lipid soluble fraction of the Capsicum pepper. Like capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin is an irritant. Capsaicin is found in natural hot pepper extracts along with a number of impurities, including dihydrocapsaicin and several lesser impurities. Separation by HPLC is required in order to obtain pure dihydrocapsaicin. Dihydrocapsaicin represents about 10% of the compound present in commercial preparations purporting to be pure capsaicin, but it has about the same pungency as capsaicin. VR1 (vanilloid receptor 1) is a heat activated calcium ion channel which functions as a part of the normal nociceptive pain pathway. Capsaicin elicits a sensation of burning pain by activation of VR1 on small, non-myelinated polymodal C-type nociceptive nerve fibers. The potency of dihydrocapsaicin at VR1 appears equivalent to capsaicin. Antioxidant. Reduces oxidation of serum lipids. Mutagenic. Dihydrocapsaicin is an activator of VR1.