Citric acid (Citro) is a weak organic tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is a food additive and a natural preservative.

HaCaT cells:12.5 mM, GF:0.28 per cent

METHODS: HaCaT cells were treated with Citric acid (0-12.5 mM) for 24 hours, and the percentage of viable cells was determined by flow cytometry.
RESULTS: Citric acid exhibited anti-proliferative activity in a dose-dependent manner. [1]
METHODS: HaCaT cells were treated with Citric acid (12.5 mM) for 48 hours, and the levels of related proteins were detected by western blot.
RESULTS: Citric acid increased the expressions of FAS, BAX, BID, AIF, EndoG, cytochrome C, PARP, GADD153, GRP78 and Caspase-3, -8, -9, and decreased the expressions of BCL-2 and BCL-Xl. [1]

METHODS: To study the effect of Citric acid on the liver of mice, Citric acid (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into mice.
RESULTS: Citric acid significantly reduced the activity of GSH-Px in the liver of mice, induced an increase in the level of MDA (malondialdehyde), and increased the activity of caspase-3 to induce apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. [2]
METHODS: To study the nephrotoxicity of Citric acid, Citric acid (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into mice every week for 3 consecutive weeks.
RESULTS: Citric acid causes nephrotoxicity in mice. [3]