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TargetMol | Tags Immunology/Inflammation
TargetMol | Tags Metabolism
TargetMol | Tags NF-κB

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion. ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

MitoSOX Red
T753421003197-00-9In house
MitoSOX Red is a novel fluorescent probe that is specific and cell membrane-permeable and targets mitochondria in living cells.MitoSOX Red is oxidized by superoxide upon entry into the mitochondria and is not oxidized by other ROS or RNS-generating systems.MitoSOX Red then binds to nucleic acids in the mitochondrion and produces a strong red fluorescence.MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator for the specific detection of superoxide.MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator for the specific detection of superoxide. MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator to specifically detect superoxide. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) prevents the oxidation of MitoSOX Red.
  • $420
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Imeglimin hydrochloride
T7486775351-61-6
Imeglimin hydrochloride (EMD 387008 hydrochloride) is an oral hypoglycemic agent. Imeglimin improves insulin sensitivity, inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species, increases mitochondrial DNA, and improves mitochondrial function.
  • $34
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Elesclomol
T6170488832-69-5
Elesclomol (STA-4783) is an oxidative stress inducer and a highly lipophilic copper ion carrier. Elesclomol induces apoptosis in tumor cells and is used in copper death related studies. Elesclomol also inhibits FDX1-mediated Fe-S cluster biosynthesis.
  • $34
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Acetylcysteine
T0875616-91-1
Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an N-acetyl derivative of cysteine, a ROS inhibitor and mucolytic agent. Acetylcysteine induces apoptosis, can be used to reduce mucus thickness, and has anti-influenza viral activity.
  • $33
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Quercetin
T2174117-39-5
Quercetin, a flavonoid natural product, is a SIRT1 activator. It is also a PI3K inhibitor, inhibiting PI3Kγ, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kβ with IC50 values of 2.4, 3.0, and 5.4 μM, respectively. Recognized as a heat shock protein inhibitor, Quercetin can significantly reduce exosome release in TII models by downregulating Hsp70 or Hsp90.
  • $42
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Zinc Protoporphyrin
T1339615442-64-5
Zinc Protoporphyrin (Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX) is an orally active, competitive inhibitor of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) that markedly attenuates the protective effects of Phloroglucinol (PG) against H2O2 and exhibits anti-cancer activity.
  • $49
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Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt
T13019864167-45-3
Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt is an inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDHC).
  • $138
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Mito-TEMPO
T194281334850-99-5
Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondria-targeted superoxide dismutase mimetic, scavenges superoxide and alkyl radicals, preventing mitochondrial oxidation, necrosis, and apoptosis.
  • $51
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Trabectedin
T17155114899-77-3
Trabectedin (Ecteinascidin 743) has potent antitumor activity and the potential for soft tissue sarcoma and ovarian cancer research. Trabectedin inhibits cell growth of MX-1, MCF7 and MCF7 DXR cells with IC50 values of 0.1 nM, 1.5 nM and 3.7 nM, respectively.
  • $263
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H2DCFDA
T154584091-99-0
H2DCFDA (DCFH-DA) belongs to the class of green fluorescent dyes and is a probe for the detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Ex/Em=488/525 nm) with cell membrane permeability.
  • $37
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Mitoquinone mesylate
T12059L845959-50-4
Mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ10 mesylate) is a TPP-based, mitochondrially targeted antioxidant to protect against oxidative damage.
  • $31
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N-acetylcysteine amide
T551838520-57-9
N-Acetylcysteine amide is a thiol antioxidant and a neuroprotective agent with cell permeability and blood-brain barrier permeability. N-Acetylcysteine amide reduces ROS production.
  • $39
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Trolox
T171053188-07-1
Trolox is a vitamin E analogue, used in reducing oxidative stress or damage.
  • $42
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Liquiritin
T2899551-15-5
Liquiritin (Liquiritigenin-4'-O-glucoside) (LIQ) is a main component among the licorice flavonoids, and possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer abilities.
  • $39
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Canthaxanthin
T5852514-78-3
Canthaxanthin (E 161g) is a red-orange carotenoid that belongs to the xanthophyll group. This naturally occurring pigment is present in bacteria, algae and some fungi.
  • $44
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GSK5182
T8370877387-37-6
GSK5182 is a highly selective inverse estrogen-related receptor γ agonist (IC50 : 79 nM)
  • $48
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Isobavachalcone
T386120784-50-3
Isobavachalcone (Corylifolinin) is a chalcone constituent of Angelica keiskei, has potent anti-inflammatory activity, possible can ameliorate neuronal injury in brain diseases associated with inflammation.
  • $55
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Nobiletin
T2834478-01-3
Nobiletin (Hexamethoxyflavone) is a natural polymethoxylated flavone isolated from citrus peels with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. Nobiletin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa).
  • $52
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Albiflorin
T6S165339011-90-0
1. Albiflorin (Alibiflorin) has anticonvulsant effect for pain relief. 2. Albiflorin and paeoniflorin has neuroprotective action against Glu toxicity. 3. Albiflorin and paeoniflorin significantly ameliorated Glu-induced reduction of cell viability, nuclear and mitochondrial apoptotic alteration, reactive oxygen species accumulation and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) Bax ratio. 4. Albiflorin can serve as a new chemical marker for the quality control of Paeoniae Radix and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia can be updated, via has similar anti-inflammatory effects to paeoniflorin.
  • $31
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Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside
T338820633-67-4
Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside) exhibits a protective effect on rat hepatocytes, inhibits COX-2 activity, has antimicrobial properties, and is a promising anti-HIV agent. Additionally, it demonstrates scavenging activity against DPPH radicals and superoxide anions, alleviates osteoarthritis, and increases brain cell membrane fluidity in ischemia-reperfusion rats.
  • $39
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Astaxanthin
T3138472-61-7
Astaxanthin (trans-Astaxanthin) is a keto-carotenoid in the terpenes class of chemical compounds. It is classified as a xanthophyll but it is a carotenoid with no vitamin A activity. It is present in most red-colored aquatic organisms. Astaxanthin has shown to mediate anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. It may be found in fish feed or some animal food as a color additive.
  • $30
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N-Acetyl-D-cysteine
T3815526117-28-2
N-Acetyl-D-cysteine exhibits antioxidant activities and scavenges ROS through its thiol group reaction.
  • $37
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Aureusidin
TN563438216-54-5
Aureusidin (Auresidin) shows antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity with anti-inflammatory effects.
  • $219
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CPS-11
T23911145945-21-7In house
CPS-11 (N-(Hydroxymethyl)thalidomide) is a Thalidomide analogue with significant antitumor activity, exhibiting a broader and more potent effect on the MM (multiple myeloma) cell line.
  • $397
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Fusarochromanone
T24075802915-53-3In house
Fusarochromanone (FC-101) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium marcescens with potent antiangiogenic, anticancer and antimalarial activities. Fusarochromanone induces cell death in COS7 and HEK293 cells through activation of the JNK pathway.
  • $490 TargetMol
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Procyanidin B2
T6S136729106-49-8
Procyanidin B2 (Proanthocyanidin B2) has vascular protective, anti-diabetic nephropathy, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Procyanidin B2 inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation via suppression of AP-1 pathway.
  • $146
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AKBA
T5S156967416-61-9
AKBA (3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid), a natural component from frankincense, is a novel activator of Nrf2.
  • $36
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Methoxy-PMS
T417265162-13-2
Methoxy-PMS (1-Methoxyphenazine methosulfate) is stable electron-transport mediator between NAD(P)H and tetrazolium dyes, can induce active oxygen formation.
  • $30
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CT-2584
T27094166981-13-1In house
CT-2584 is an anticancer agent that inhibits phospholipid signaling and kills tumor cells through the production of reactive oxygen intermediates. CT-2584 reduces NKEF-B expression in several tumor cell types. CT-2584 reduced tumor growth in SCID mice by causing shunting of ab initio phospholipid biosynthesis from phosphatidylcholine (PC) to phosphatidylinositol (PI) via PA.
  • $333 TargetMol
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Amentoflavone
T34171617-53-4
Amentoflavone (3',8''-Biapigenin), as a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9, can interact with many other medications. CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 are proteins used for drug metabolism in the body. Amentoflavone also is an inhibitor of human cathepsin B. It has antimalarial activity in trials significant affinities towards the Delta-1, kappa opioid receptors (as an antagonist) and binds to benzodiazepine receptors. Amentoflavone may be a potential lead for a new type of anti-inflammatory agents having the dual inhibitory activity of group II phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase. Amentoflavone and quercetin differentially exerted suppression of PGE2 biosynthesis via downregulation of COX-2/iNOS expression.
  • $30
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Isochlorogenic acid A
T50982450-53-5
Isochlorogenic acid A (3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid), a natural phenolic acid, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • $59
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L-Glutathione reduced
T108570-18-8
L-Glutathione reduced (Glutathione) is a naturally occurring tripeptide found in cells as an endogenous antioxidant that scavenges oxygen free radicals. L-Glutathione reduced is a cofactor for certain enzymes and is involved in the rearrangement of protein disulfide bonds and the reduction of peroxides.
  • $32
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Cichoric Acid
TL00066537-80-0
Cichoric Acid (Dicaffeoyltartaric acid) is a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) integrase and the replication in tissues. It also a class of cannabinomimetics with CB2 receptor-dependent and independent.
  • $35
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3-demethylcolchicine
TN67067336-33-6
3-demethylcolchicine is a natural product isolated from Gloriosa superba.Inhibitory effect on the polymerization of purified bovine brain tubulin.
  • $47
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alpha-Mangostin
T17176147-11-1
alpha-Mangostin (Mangostin) is a natural xanthonoid, a type of organic compound isolated from various parts of the mangosteen tree.
  • $41
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2-Methoxyestradiol
T2220362-07-2
2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2) is an orally bioavailable estradiol metabolite with potential antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol inhibits angiogenesis by reducing endothelial cell proliferation and inducing endothelial cell apoptosis. This agent also inhibits tumor cell growth by binding to tubulin, resulting in antimitotic activity, and by inducing caspase activation, resulting in cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis.
  • $50
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Diphenyleneiodonium chloride
T71914673-26-1
Diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI)(DPI) is an irreversible inhibitor of iNOS and eNOS (IC50 values of 50 nM and 0.3 μM, respectively),and displays broad-spectrum bactericidal activity.
  • $38
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TPEN
T395216858-02-9
TPEN (TPEDA) is a specific cell-permeable heavy metal chelator.
  • $38
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Echinacoside
T171682854-37-3
Echinacoside is a natural polyphenolic compound with various kinds of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, nitric oxide radical-scavenging and vasodilative ones.
  • $70
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α-Thujone
T8193546-80-5
α-Thujone is an inhibitor of ACh with an IC50 value of 24.7μM.
  • $31
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Hesperidin
T1035520-26-3
Hesperidin (Cirantin) is a flavanone glycoside found in citrus fruits with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and antihypertensive and lipid-lowering activity.
  • $50
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Cynarin
T6S152930964-13-7
Cynarin (1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid) has neuroprotective, and antioxidant effects, it can inhibition of GSK3β as well as the modulation of Bcl-2 Bax.
  • $39
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Naringenin
T2838480-41-1
Naringenin (NSC-11855) is a flavanone that is considered to have a bioactive effect on human health as antioxidant, free radical scavenger, antiinflammatory, carbohydrate metabolism promoter, immunity system modulater. This substance has also been shown to repair DNA.
  • $50
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PRLX-93936 HCL
T36404L1094210-96-4In house
PRLX-93936 HCL is an analog of erastin and demonstrated synergistic effects against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells with cisplatin.
  • $163
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GSK2795039
T154331415925-18-6
GSK2795039 inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NADPH consumption. GSK2795039 decreases apoptosis. GSK2795039 is an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) (pIC50: 6 in different cell-free assays).
  • $67
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β-Elemonic Acid
T2S061828282-25-9
β-Elemonic Acid (3-Oxotirucallenoic Acid) exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. Beta-Elemonic acid inhibits proliferation by inducing hypoploid cells and cell apoptosis, the anticancer effects of beta-Elemonic acid are related to the MAPK signaling pathway, ROS activation and glutathione depletion in human A549 lung cancer cells. Beta-Elemonic acid exhibits prolyl endopeptidase inhibitory activities.
  • $44
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Glabridin
T340359870-68-7
Glabridin (KB-289522) may serve as an anti-inflammatory agent in diabetes-related vascular dysfunction, through regulating the synthesis and activity of iNOS under high-glucose levels; may possess a therapeutic effect on metabolic disorders( such as diabetes and hyperglycemia), by modulating glucose metabolism through AMPK in skeletal muscle cells. Glabridin may have potential as a chemopreventive agent against liver Y metastasis, by inhibiting the invasion of human HCC cells.
  • $31
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Glucosamine
T04293416-24-8
Glucosamine (Chitosamine) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. Supplemental glucosamine may help to rebuild cartilage and treat arthritis.
  • $50
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