Parasite

Puromycin dihydrochloride (CL13900 dihydrochloride) is a cinnamamide adenosine antibiotic and an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Puromycin dihydrochloride inhibits protein synthesis by binding to RNA and has antitumor and antitrypanosomal activity.

Doxycycline is an orally active tetracycline antibiotic with broad-spectrum inhibitory effects on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), possessing both antibacterial and antitumor activities, and is commonly used in inducible gene expression ON-OFF systems.

Chloroquine is a Toll-like receptor inhibitor that inhibits autophagy. Chloroquine has anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory activity and is widely used in the treatment of malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine also has anti-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) activity and anti-HIV-1 activity.

SQ109 (NSC-722041) is an effective inhibitor of the trypomastigote form of the parasite (IC50 = 50 nM). SQ109 is an antitubercular agent and targets MmpL3.

Sinefungin (Adenosyl-Ornithine) is an effective inhibitor of virion mRNA(guanine-7-)-methyltransferase, mRNA(nucleoside-2'-)-methyltransferase, and viral multiplication. Sinefungin is a SET7 9 inhibitor and ameliorates renal fibrosis by inhibiting H3K4 methylation.

Niranthin is a potent anti-leishmanial agent, inhibits the relaxation activity of heterodimeric type IB topoisomerase of L. donovani and acts as a non-competitive inhibitor interacting with both subunits of the enzyme. Niranthin also exhibits anti-hepatitis B virus, antiinflammatory and antiallodynic actions.

Anisomycin is an antibiotic and protein synthesis inhibitor produced by Streptomyces griseolus. It is also a classic activator of p38 MAPK and JNK. By inhibiting protein synthesis, anisomycin induces cellular stress, which activates upstream kinases and subsequently leads to the phosphorylation and activation of p38 MAPK and JNK.

Hypocrellin A is a natural PKC inhibitor with light-induced antitumor, antifungal and antiviral activities and also exerts immunomodulatory effects on MHC-restricted antigen presentation.

RRx-001 is a potent inhibitor ofglucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD) and with potent antimalarial activity

Artesunate (WR-256283) is part of the artemisinin group of drugs that treat malaria. It is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin that is water-soluble and may therefore be given by injection. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Suramin Sodium Salt (BAY-205) is a sodium salt form of suramin, a polysulphonated naphthylurea with potential antineoplastic activity. Suramin blocks the binding of various growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), to their receptors, thereby inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation and migration. This agent also inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)- and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced angiogenesis; retroviral reverse transcriptase; uncoupling of G-proteins from receptors; topoisomerases; cellular folate transport; and steroidogenesis.

Clindamycin (Sobelin) dissociates peptidyl-tRNA from the bacterial ribosome, thereby disrupting bacterial protein synthesis. Clindamycin is a semisynthetic broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by chemical modification of the parent compound lincomycin.

Dehydroemetine is an effective antigenic insecticide, which is a synthetic analogue of Emetine dihydrochloride. It can be used to prevent and treat amoeba infections and diseases. It has the effect of treating leishmania infection with skin damage and resistance to metronidazole amoebiosis.

Azadirachtin B (Deacetylazadirachtinol) is a terpenoid compound isolated from Azadirachta seeds, with insecticidal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiviral activities, useful in the study of viral infections. Azadirachtin B also has osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization properties.

Lasalocid sodium (Lasalocid-A sodium) is a cationic ionophore antibiotic derived from Streptomyces lasaliensis that disrupts calcium fluxes in muscle fibers. It is primarily used as a coccidiostat, particularly in poultry.

Cynaroside (Luteolin 7-O-Glucoside) is a flavone, a flavonoid-like chemical compound. It has an anti-oxidant effect, inhibiting lipid and protein oxidation.

A-484954 (A 484954) is a highly specific eukaryotic elongation factor-2 (eEF2, IC50: 280 nM) inhibitor.

T-Cadinol (Cedrelanol) is a sesquiterpene compound isolated from C. sylvestris that exhibits anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity and potential anticancer activity, inhibits trypanosomes and flagellomorphs, induces dendritic cells and drives Th1 polarization in human monocytes.T-Cadinol is a calcium antagonist that relaxes the contraction of 60 mM K+ induced by T-Cadinol in a concentration-dependent manner. 60 mM K+-induced contraction.

(-)-Anonaine can be extracted from several species of Magnoliaceae and Annelidae and has antimalarial, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, antidepressant and vasodilatory activities. (-)-Anonaine induces apoptosis in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells, induces DNA damage and inhibits the growth and migration of human lung cancer h1299 cells through Bax and caspase-dependent pathways.

DDD01035881 is a novel and highly potent anti-malarial drug that blocks parasite-to-mosquito transmission with nanomolar activity by targeting the Plasmodium vesicle membrane protein Pfs16 and blocking the formation of male gametes in the life cycle of the malaria parasite.

Amphotericin B (NSC-527017) is a polyene antifungal agent with broad-spectrum activity against many fungal species. Amphotericin B irreversibly binds to ergosterol and disrupts the integrity of cell membranes, resulting in antifungal activity.

Kaempferol (Robigenin) is a natural flavonoid and an inverse agonist of ERRα and ERRγ. Kaempferol has a wide range of antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral activities.

Lotilaner is a parasiticide. It is used as a potent non-competitive antagonist of insects GABACl receptors (IC50 of 23.84 nM for Drosophila melanogaster GABA receptor). It also has no effect on a dog GABAA receptor.

Salinomycin (Procoxacin), a polyether potassium ionophore antibiotic, specifically inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria, acts as a potent inhibitor of Wnt β-catenin signaling by blocking Wnt-induced LRP6 phosphorylation, and demonstrates selective activity against human cancer stem cells.