Azithromycin (CP 62993) is a macrolide antibiotic that primarily targets the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Azithromycin is commonly used in studies of bacterial infections.

TNF-α:10.66 μM, PBMCs proliferation:5 µg/mL, Parasite growth:8.4 ± 1.2 μM, IL-1β:17.4 μM, NF-κB:56 μM (A549 cells)

METHODS: HeLa, MG-63 and Osteoblast cells were treated with Azithromycin (0-400 μg/mL) for 48 hours, and MTT assay was used to detect the inhibition of cell metabolic activity.
RESULTS: Azithromycin inhibited the growth of HeLa (IC50=160 μM), MG-63 (IC50=180 μM) and Osteoblast (IC50=160 μM) cells. [1]

METHODS: To study the effect of Azithromycin on asthma, a mouse model of asthma attack was treated with Azithromycin (50 mg/kg).
RESULTS: Azithromycin had no effect on bronchoalveolar lavage inflammatory parameters and LDH levels in a mouse model of asthma exacerbation. Azithromycin did not induce general inflammatory parameters or LDH release in a mouse model of asthma exacerbations and increased expression of an interferon-stimulated gene and the pattern recognition receptor MDA5 but not RIG-I in mice with asthma exacerbations. [2]

THP-1 cells (106 cells in 1 mL RPMI medium, without antibiotics, growth factors or serum) are seeded in each well of 24-well plates and allowed to settle for 1 hour. Next, 50 μL of the test compound is added followed by 50 μL of LPS (final concentration of 10 μg/mL). After 24h (37°C and 5% CO2) the supernatants and cell pellets are collected (1200 rpm, 5 min). THP-1 cell viability is tested using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). MTT is dissolved at 2 mg/mL in PBS and aliquots are stored at -20°C. The MTT assay is performed according to the suppliers instructions. Absorbance of MTT converted into formazan is measured at a wavelength of 570 nm with background subtraction at 630 nm.