Norathyriol is a potent PTP1B inhibitor with good cell permeability and oral availability.

PPARα:92.8 μM (IC50), PPARβ:102.4 μM (IC50), PPARγ:153.5 μM (IC50)

Normal or IR L6 myotubes were incubated with Norathyriol (2.5 - 10 μM, 0.625 - 2.5 μM), mangiferin (10 - 40 μM, 2.5 - 10 μM) or rosiglitazone (20 μM) and/or 0.05 nM insulin for 24 h, respectively. The glucose consumption was assessed using the glucose oxidase method. Immunoblotting was performed to detect protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in L6 myotubes cells. Norathyriol and mangiferin treatment alone increased the glucose consumption 61.9 and 56.3%, respectively, in L6 myotubes and made additional increasing with 0.05 nM insulin. In IR L6 myotubes, Norathyriol treatment made increasing with or without insulin, mangiferin treatment also made increasing but only when co-treated with insulin. Immunoblotting results showed that Norathyriol and mangiferin produced an increase of 1.9 - and 1.8-fold in the phosphorylation levels of the AMPK, but not in Akt[1]