Xanthine Oxidase

Baicalein (5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor.

Broussochalcone A is a natural antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitor (IC50 = 2.21 μM) that scavenges free radicals, inhibits iron-induced lipid peroxidation, and reduces nitric oxide synthesis in LPS-activated macrophages. Broussochalcone A induces apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells by increasing ROS levels and activating the FOXO3 signaling pathway. Broussochalcone A is also a novel NR4A1 inhibitor that induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells through NR4A1-dependent pathways.

Febuxostat (TEI 6720) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor.

Niraxostat (Y-700) is one of the isocytosine derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors.

Benzbromarone (Desuric) is a CYP2C9 inhibitor with Ki value of 19.3 nM.

Forsythoside F (Arenarioside) is a natural compound with GI50 values ranging from 10 to 16 μM against B16F10 cells.

Oxypurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. Oxipurinol is potentially used for the treatment of congestive heart failure.

Allopurinol (Zyloric) is a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of allopurinol is as a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor.

Phytic acid (Fytic Acid) is a complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.

Amflutizole used for the treatment of gout, and is a Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

Tigulixostat (LC350189) is a novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI) that reduces uric acid production and may be used in studies of gout-related diseases.

Nequinate is an anticoccidial agent, preventing coccidiosis .

Topiroxostat (FYX-051) is a selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor developed for the treatment and management of hyperuricemia and gout.

6-Formylpterin (Pterin-6-aldehyde) is an inhibitor of Xanthine Oxidase (Ki ~0.6 nM) with potent neuroprotective effects against transient IRI in gerbils.6-Formylpterin induces intracellular ROS generation in HL-60 cells as well as apoptosis ( 6-Formylpterin inhibits the expression of iNOS, produces hydrogen peroxide intracellularly and restores the impaired bactericidal activity of human neutrophils.

Myricetin 3-O-galactoside (Myricetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside) can inhibit xanthine oxidase (xanthine oxidase; XO) activity, lipid peroxidation and scavenging free radicals. Myricetin 3-O-galactoside has many effects, including cytotoxicity, anti-oxidation, anti-genotoxicity, anti-infectivity, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and its main effect is to inhibit the synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The IC50 of Myricetin 3-O-galactoside inhibited lipid peroxidation was 160 μg mL.

8-Azaadenine (NSC-32797) is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase with IC50 of 0.54 μM and Ki of 0.66 μM.

4-Hydroxyacetophenone (4-Acetylphenol) is a potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor.

Phytic acid dodecasodium salt hydrate (myo-Inositol, hexakis(dihydrogen phosphate) dodecasodium salt hydrate) is a phosphorus storage compound of seeds and cereal grains. Phytic acid dodecasodium salt hydrate inhibits the enzymatic superoxide source xanthine oxidase with an IC50 of 6 mM and has antioxidative, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Prudomestin (3,5,7-Trihydroxy-4',8-dimethoxyflavone) is a natural product isolated from the heartwood of Prunus domestica, with xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity with IC50 of 6 µM.

Xanthine oxidase-IN-1 is an effective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase with an IC50 value of 6.5 nM. It plays a central role in purine catabolism through the degradation of bioactive nucleotides facilitated by nucleic acid and nucleotide intermediates.

Xanthine oxidoreductase-IN-5 is an orally active inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) with an IC50 of 55 nM. Xanthine oxidoreductase-IN-5 may be used in studies of acute hyperuricemia.

Xanthine oxidoreductase-IN-4 is an orally active xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 29.3 nM, useful for studying hyperuricemia.

Xanthine oxidoreductase-IN-3 is an orally active xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 26.3 nM, suitable for use in acute hyperuricemia studies.

Purpurogallin, a naturally occurring phenol extracted from Quercus spp. plants, exhibits potent xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity (IC50: 0.2 μM) and also possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.