Hellebrigenol is a butadienolide extracted from the venom of the Vietnamese toad (Bufo vulgaris) with antitumor activity.

Taurocholic acid (N-Choloyltaurine) is a bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats.Taurocholic acid is cytoprotective, preventing tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced cholangiocyte damage via a PI3K-mediated pathway.

Bufalin is an active ingredient and one of the glycosides in the traditional Chinese medicine ChanSu; it is also a bufadienolide toxin originally isolated from the venom of the Chinese toad Bufo gargarizans, with potential cardiotonic and antineoplastic a

Digitonin is a natural product of the glycoside family and is a detergent. Digitonin has antitumor activity, binds to cholesterol molecules to increase the permeability of cell membranes, and is active in the cleavage of cell membranes in a wide range of cells.

Campesterol ((24R)-5-Ergosten-3β-ol) is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects, it and other plant sterols often decrease LDL cholesterol levels overall. Campesterol has anti-inflammatory effect, it inhibits several pro-inflammatory and matrix degradation mediators typically involved in osteoarthritis- induced cartilage degradation, also sometimes used to treat some specific prostate conditions.

Cinobufagin (Cinobufagine) is a selective Na+ K+-ATPase inhibitor. The activity of Cinobufagin is same as ouabain.

Brassinolide (Brassin lactone) is a plant hormone isolated from rapeseed (Brassica napus) promoting stem elongation and cell division.

Fucosterol is isolated from E. stolonifera with anti-diabetic, anti-adipogenic and anti-cancer activities. It regulates adipogenesis via modulation of PPARα and C EBPα expression.

25-Hydroxycholesterol is a steroid derivative that suppresses the cleavage of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). It inhibits HMG-CoA reductase and so it also plays a significant role in the in vivo regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis

7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one is an intermediate in bile acid synthesis from cholesterol, a PXR agonist, and a biomarker for bile acid loss and diseases related to defective bile acid biosynthesis. It is also the physiological substrate for [CYP8B1].

WITHAFERIN A is a novel class of NFkappaB inhibitors, which hold promise as novel anti-inflammatory agents for treatment of various inflammatory disorders and or cancer.

Cholesterol (cholesteryl alcohol) is a natural product that is the major sterol in mammals and an agonist of estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα). Cholesterol is widely found in the cell membranes of animals and is also used in the synthesis of several important hormones and bile acids.

Beta-Sitosterol (SKF 14463) has recently been shown to induce G2 M arrest, endoreduplication, and apoptosis through the Bcl-2 and PI3K Akt signaling pathways. Beta-Sitosterol (SKF 14463) , a main dietary phytosterol found in plants, may have the potential for prevention and therapy for human cancer. Although the exact mechanism of action of Beta-Sitosterol (SKF 14463) is unknown, it may be related to cholesterol metabolism or anti-inflammatory effects (via interference with prostaglandin metabolism). Beta-Sitosterol (SKF 14463) induces apoptosis and activates key caspases in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells.

Timosaponin A1, a coprostane-type steroidal saponin, is found in Rhizoma Anemarrhenae.

Timosaponin AIII (Timosaponin A3) induces autophagy in HeLa cells followed by apoptotic cell death (IC50: 10 μM). The Timosaponin AIII cellular response is mediated via inhibition of mTORC1 and induction of ER stress (IC50: 2.5 μM, BT474 cells; 6 μM, MDAMB231). The Timosaponin AIII pro-apoptotic response is selective for tumor cells over normal cells but autophagy is induced in both.

Polyphyllin D induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway as evidenced by decreased Bcl-2 expression levels, disruption of MMP and increased Bax, cytochrome C, and cleaved-caspase-3 levels. Polyphyllin D has an anti-angiogenic effect. Polyphyllin D has toxicity in human RBCs as well as its underlying mechanism for the hemolysis and eryptosis erythroptosis. Polyphyllin D has strong anticancer activity, can overcome drug resistance in R-HepG2 cells and elicit programmed cell death via mitochondrial dysfunction.

Deoxycholic acid (Cholanoic Acid) is a bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.

Hydrocortisone (Cortisol) is a glucocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenocortex. Hydrocortisone agonizes the glucocorticoid receptor, which promotes proteolytic metabolism, gluconeogenesis, capillary wall stabilization, and renal calcium excretion, as well as suppressing immune and inflammatory responses.

Timosaponin BII (Prototimosaponin A III) exhibits anti-dementia and antioxidant activities, with potential applications in treating type 2 diabetes. It can inhibit the up-regulation of BACE1 and reduce the over-production of β-CTF and Aβ in rat retina induced by FeCl.

Estradiol (E2) is a naturally occurring steroidal sex hormone that is essential for female fertility and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics. Estradiol upregulates IL-6 expression through estrogen receptor beta (ERβ).

Daucosterol (Sitogluside) has proliferation-enhancing activity, may be involved in the IGF1-AKT pathway. Daucosterol(β-Sitosterol β-D-glucoside) has efficient and inexpensive neuroprotectant effect, to contribute to IGF1-like activity, could be potentially developed as a medicine for ischemic stroke treatment.

Isodeoxycholic Acid is a bile acid that is formed via epimerization of deoxycholic acid by intestinal bacteria. It has a greater critical micelle concentration than DCA, indicating reduced detergent activity, and is less active than DCA in inhibiting growth in a panel of seven gut commensal bacteria species. Isodeoxycholic Acid(0.1%) inhibits spore germination induced by taurocholic acid in several C. difficile strains, as well as decreases the cytotoxicity of C. difficile culture supernatants to Vero cells. Plasma levels of isodeoxycholic acid are decreased in a rat model of high-fat diet-induced obesity compared with rats fed a normal diet.

7α-Hydroxycholesterol, a cholesterol oxide formed through both enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation, can serve as a biomarker for lipid peroxidation.

Cinobufotalin is a main cardiac toxin in toad, it is a novel anti-HCC agent, it induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in cultured HCC cells through ceramide production. Cinobufotalin is also an effective reversal agent for the multidrug resistance of tu