PACAP

PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat acetate is a potent PACAP receptor antagonist with IC50s of 30, 600, and 40 nM for PACAP type I receptor, PACAP type II receptor VIP1, and PACAP type II receptor VIP2, respectively.

PACAP (1-27), human, ovine, rat acetate (PACAP 1-27 acetate) is a novel neuropeptides originally isolated from bovine hypothalamus, also found in humans and rats.

PA-8 is a small molecule receptor antagonist for PACAP Type I (PAC1) that is selective, effective, and orally active. PA-8 inhibits PacAP-induced CREB phosphorylation at PAC1- receptors, but does not inhibit VPAC1- or vpac2 receptors. PA-8 also inhibited PacAP-induced elevation of cAMP levels in vitro (IC50 = 2 nM) and PacAP-induced aversive response and mechanical atopic pain after intrathecal injection in vivo.

PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat (Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide 38), is a neuropeptide comprising 38 amino acid residues.

PACAP 1-38 acetate is a pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) analogue. PACAP 1-38 acetate binds to PACAP type I receptor(IC50 = 4 nM) and PACAP type II VIP2 receptor(IC50 = 1 nM) but not to PACAP type II, VIP1 receptor.

PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat acetate is an activator of PAC1 receptor. PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat acetate demonstrates potent, efficacious, and sustained stimulatory effects on sympathetic neuronal NPY and catecholamine production and can

PAC1R antagonist 1 is an orally active PAC1 receptor antagonist that inhibits abnormal pain induced by pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and nerve damage, and may be used in the study of neoplasms and immune-related disorders.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) (6-27) is a PACAP receptor antagonist with IC50 values of 1,500, 600, and 300 nM, respectively, for rat PAC1, rat VPAC1, and human VPAC2 recombinant receptors expressed in CHO cells. It binds to PACAP receptors on SH-SY5Y and SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma and T47D human breast cancer cells (IC50s = 24.5, 106, and 105 nM, respectively) and inhibits cAMP accumulation induced by PACAP (1-38) (Kis = 457, 102, and 283 nM, respectively, in SH-SY5Y, SK-N-MC, and T47D cells). In vivo, in newborn pigs, PACAP (6-27) (10 μM) inhibits vasodilation of pial arterioles induced by PACAP (1-27) and PACAP (1-38) . It also inhibits PACAP (1-27)-stimulated increases in plasma insulin and glucagon levels and pancreatic venous blood flow in dogs when administered locally to the pancreas at a dose of 500 μg.

PACAP (1-27), human, ovine, rat TFA (PACAP 1-27 TFA), an N-terminal fragment of PACAP-38, is an effective PACAP receptor antagonist with IC50 values of 3 nM for rat PAC1, 2 nM for rat VPAC1, and 5 nM for human VPAC2.

PACAP-related peptide (PRP) is an endogenous 29-amino acid peptide that belongs to the secretin/glucagon superfamily of peptides, which includes secretin , glucagon , glucagon-like peptide-1 , GLP-2 , and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide . It is expressed in normal human pancreas and adrenal gland tissue and in some tumors that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). PRP (1-29) is secreted by CHO-K1 cells that express human recombinant preproPACAP.

PACAP (1-38), a novel neuropeptide isolated from the bovine hypothalamus is more active than vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in stimulating adenylate cyclase (EC50=7 nM). PACAP 1-38 (10-9 M) increased substance P (SP), gastrin releasing peptide (GRP),

PACAP-38 (16-38), human, mouse, rat, exhibits potent, efficacious, and sustained stimulatory effects on sympathetic neuronal NPY and catecholamine production.

PACAP (1-27) (the N-terminal fragment of PACAP-38) is a novel neuropeptides originally isolated from bovine hypothalamus, also found in humans and rats.

PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat, is a potent and selective antagonist of PACAP 38, outperforming PACAP (6-27) in inhibiting PACAP-27-stimulated pituitary adenylate cyclase.

PACAP-related peptide (PRP) is an endogenous 29-amino acid peptide that belongs to the secretin/glucagon superfamily of peptides, which includes secretin , glucagon , glucagon-like peptide-1 , GLP-2 , and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide . It is expressed in rat hypothalamus as well as within the nerves of the median eminence, the anterior pituitary, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and amygdala. PRP is also expressed in vaginal, uterine cervical, uterine horn, fallopian tube, and ovarian tissues from the rat female genital tract and is present in extracts of male testis tissue.

PACAP (1-38) free acid, an endogenous neuropeptide, potently modulates gastrointestinal and neuroendocrine functions. It enhances antral motility, increases somatostatin secretion, and stimulates the release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin releasing peptide, and substance P, while concurrently inhibiting gastrin secretion. Additionally, it augments N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function and upregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression via RACK1 [1] [2].

PACAP (1-38) free acid TFA, an endogenous neuropeptide, effectively enhances antral motility and somatostatin secretion, while concurrently suppressing gastrin secretion and promoting the release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, and substance P. Additionally, it amplifies N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression via RACK1 [1] [2].

[Arg-15,-20,-21, Leu17]-PACAP-Gly-Lys-Arg-NH2 (BM-PACAP) is a synthetic analogue of PACAP 1-27 that exhibits a relaxant effect [1].

PA-9 is the first small-molecule PAC1 receptor antagonist.

PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat TFA is a potent PACAP receptor antagonist with IC50 values of 30 nM, 600 nM, and 40 nM for the PACAP type I receptor, PACAP type II receptor VIP1, and PACAP type II receptor VIP2, respectively.

PACAP-Related Peptide (PRP), human, a 29-amino acid region of the PACAP precursor protein, is synthesized in sufficient quantities for biological and structural studies.