SARS-CoV

Chloroquine is a Toll-like receptor inhibitor that inhibits autophagy. Chloroquine has anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory activity and is widely used in the treatment of malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine also has anti-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) activity and anti-HIV-1 activity.

Thapsigargin is a natural product, an inhibitor of sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) and an endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer. Thapsigargin increases cytoplasmic calcium concentration by blocking the ability of cells to pump calcium into the sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum.

PF-07321332 is a potent and orally active inhibitor of SARS-CoV 3C-like protease (3CLPRO) .

Punicalagin is a major ellagitannin found in pomegranates that is reported to produce antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. It has been shown to prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity-associated accumulation of cardiac triglyceride and ch

Leritrelvir (RAY1216) is an orally active and highly potent protease inhibitor with antiviral activity that blocks cleavage of viral precursor proteins and inhibits viral replication in SARS-CoV-2.

Setrobuvir (ANA-598) is an orally active non-nucleoside HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitor with inhibitory effects on de novo RNA synthesis and primer extension with IC50s between 4 and 5 nM. setrobuvir shows good binding affinity for SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and induces inhibition of RdRp.

Asunaprevir (BMS-650032) is an effective hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease inhibitor.

Remdesivir (GS-5734) is a nucleoside analog, a broad-spectrum antiviral compound that exerts its activity by inhibiting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of viruses. Remdesivir is active against Ebola, SARS, and MERS viruses, and is potentially therapeutic against COVID-19.

Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist and IL receptor modulator with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties that induces autophagy and inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages.

Narsoplimab (OMS 721) is a selective whole-human immunoglobulin gamma-4 (IgG4) monoclonal antibody and a mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2) inhibitor that binds MASP-2 to prevent lectin pathway activation and inhibit the agglutinin pathway. It is used to study diseases associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adults.

Molnupiravir (EIDD-2801) is an isopropyl ester prodrug of the ribonucleoside analog EIDD-1931 with oral bioavailability. Molnupiravir can be used in the study of COVID-19, seasonal and pandemic influenza, and has broad-spectrum antiviral activity against multiple coronaviruses and influenza viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV.

Suramin Sodium Salt (BAY-205) is a sodium salt form of suramin, a polysulphonated naphthylurea with potential antineoplastic activity. Suramin blocks the binding of various growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), to their receptors, thereby inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation and migration. This agent also inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)- and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced angiogenesis; retroviral reverse transcriptase; uncoupling of G-proteins from receptors; topoisomerases; cellular folate transport; and steroidogenesis.

Glecaprevir (ABT-493) is an HCV NS3 4A protease inhibitor, (IC50s: 3.5-11.3 nM).

Ritonavir (ABT 538) is a peptidomimetic agent that inhibits both HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases. Ritonavir is highly inhibited by serum proteins but boosts the effect of other HIV proteases by blocking their degradation by cytochrome P450.

ONO-5334 is a selective, orally active and potent histone K inhibitor with anti-SAR-COV-2 and anti-bone resorption activity for the study of osteoporosis.

EIDD-1931 (Beta-d-N4-hydroxycytidine) is a ribonucleoside analog with antiviral activity that inhibits the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS-CoV] in Vero 76 cells, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus [MERS-CoV] in Calu-3 2B4 cells, and SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells (IC50s = 0.1, 0.15, and 0.3 μM, respectively).

Aplidine possesses antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2(IC90 = 0.88 nM). Aplidine is a potent anti-cancer agent by targeting eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 Alpha 2(EEF1A2, Kd = 80 nM).

Simeprevir (TMC435) is a potent HCV NS3 4A protease inhibitor, and inhibits HCV replication with EC50 of 8 nM.

AMY-101 acetate (Cp40 acetate) is a cyclic peptide, an inhibitor of C3 Complement and an immunomodulator used in the treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis, which significantly reduces inflammation and lowers MMP-8 and MMP-9 levels.AMY-101 acetate also have a palliative effect on covid -19-induced lung inflammation injury and SARS-COV-2-related acute kidney injury in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Bemnifosbuvir (AT-511), a novel phosphoramidate prodrug of 2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylguanosine-5'-monophosphate, exhibits potent in vitro activity against HCV.

Ledipasvir (GS-5885) is a Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of ledipasvir is as a P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor, and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Inhibitor.

Auranofin (SKF-39162) is an antirheumatic agent, is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, improves arthritis symptoms including painful or tender and swollen joints and morning stiffness.

Ivermectin (MK-933) is an activator of glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls) with antiparasitic activity.

Saquinavir (Ro 31-8959) is a potent HIV protease inhibitor, is an antiretroviral drug used together with other medications to treat or prevent HIV AIDS.