Tenofovir Disoproxil (GS 4331) is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor to treat HIV and chronic Hepatitis B.

Human immortalized epithelial HK-2 cells were grown in a keratinocyte-free media with 50 μg/mL bovine pituitary extract and 5 ng/mL recombinant epithelial growth factor from Invitrogen. Cells were grown in a warm humidified incubator with constant settings of 37 °C and 5% CO2. HK-2 cells were plated into six-well tissue culture plates (750,000 cells/mL) and allowed to grow for 48 h. Media was replaced and cells were treated with a final concentration of 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.75, 14.5, or 28.8 μM TFV for 24, 48, or 72 h. The vehicle was an equal volume of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Abacavir was prepared in sterile water and cells were treated for 24 h with 0, 1.5, 3 or 6 μM of abacavir to evaluate renal sensitivity to an agent recognized to be less nephrotoxic. Following the treatment period, cells were collected with Trypsin-EDTA (0.25%) for sample analysis[1].