Interleukin

Resatorvid (TAK-242), a selective Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor, binds directly to Cys747 to prevent TLR4-TIRAP interaction, thereby blocking downstream signaling. Resatorvid exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities.

Balsalazide sodium hydrate (Balsalazide disodium) is an anti-inflammatory compound used in the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Balsalazide sodium hydrate is a new 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) containing prodrug. High dose Balsalazide sodium hydrate(3.0 g twice daily) was superior in maintaining remission in patients with ulcerative colitis compared with a low dose (1.5 g twice daily) or a standard dose of mesalazine (0.5 g three times daily). All three treatments were safe and well tolerated [1]. Balsalazide sodium hydrate is approved for the treatment of mild-to-moderate active UC. It is efficacious for the induction of remission in mild to moderate UC and has a favorable safety profile, with the added advantages of greater efficacy of remission induction and rapidity of onset [2].

Deucravacitinib (BMS-986165) is a highly selective, orally bioavailable, allosteric TYK2 inhibitor for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. It blocks receptor-mediated Tyk2 activation by stabilizing the regulatory JH2 domain, inhibiting IL-12 23 and type I IFN pathways. It selectively binds to the TYK2 pseudokinase (JH2) domain with an IC50 of 1.0 nM.

Tocilizumab (Anti-Human IL6R) is a neutralizing antibody against human interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) that blocks the binding of IL-6 to IL-6R, thereby inhibiting both classical and trans signaling. It can be used to study rheumatoid arthritis and has been suggested as a possible drug for the treatment of severe COVID-19.

Ustekinumab is an anti-IL-12 IL-23 IgG1κ human monoclonal antibody.

IL-17 modulator 4 is a prodrug of IL-17 modulator 1, which acts as a potent modulator of IL-17.

Disulfiram (TETD) is an inhibitor of the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH, inhibiting hALDH1 and hALDH2 (IC50=0.15 1.45 μM) with specificity. Disulfiram is acutely sensitized to alcohol and also inhibits GSDMD pore formation.

Apilimod (STA 5326) inhibits the production of IL-12 and IL-23 and reduces dendritic cell infiltration in psoriasis.

Cergutuzumab amunaleukin (CEA-IL2v) is a CEA-targeted IL-2 variant immunocytokine for combination cancer immunotherapy with immunostimulatory and anti-tumor activities for the study of solid cancers.

Y-320 is a new phenylpyrazoleanilide immunomodulator.

Vixarelimab (KPL-716) is a human anti-oncostatin M (OSM) monoclonal antibody with affinity for the beta chain of the OSM receptor, inhibiting IL-31 and OSM signaling. It can be used to study severe nodular itch and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Ginsenoside-F3 has immunoenhancing activity by regulating production and gene expression of type 1, type 2 cytokines in murine spleen cells. Ginsenoside-F3 enhances the NF-kappaB DNA binding activity induced by ConA in murine spleen cells (10 μM).

Astegolimab (RG 6149) is a humanised IgG2 monoclonal antibody that targets the IL-33 receptor and inhibits IL-33 signalling. Astegolimab is used in the study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and severe asthma in adults.

Benralizumab (MEDI-563) is a monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin-5 receptor alpha (IL-5Rα). It enhances antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, leading to a rapid depletion of eosinophils. Benralizumab is used for severe eosinophilic asthma and can be employed to prevent exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

1. Mulberroside has nephroprotective, hypoglycemic, and antidiabetic effects. 2. Mulberroside A is a glycosylated stilbene of oxyresveratrol; thus, the deglycosylation of Mulberroside A resulted in enhanced inhibition of melanogenesis. 3. Mulberroside A has anti-inflammatory antiapoptotic effects. by decreasing the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 and inhibiting the activation of NALP3, caspase-1, and nuclear factor-κB and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases, the c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38.

RCGD423, a small molecule gp130 modulator, prevents articular cartilage degeneration and promotes repair.

Basiliximab (CHI 621) is a chimeric mouse human IgG1 monoclonal recombinant antibody targeting the interleukin-2 receptor, demonstrating potent immunosuppressive activity for use in kidney transplantation studies.

Neochlorogenic acid (trans-5-O-Caffeoylquinic acid) is an antioxidant compound used in the treatment of oxidative stress and related afflictions.

Madecassic acid (L-fucopyranose) is extracted from the whole herb of Centella asiatica.

Fibrinogen is a heterodimeric protein that can be cleaved by thrombin. Fibrinogen is a potential marker for cardiovascular disease and plays an important role in metabolism. Its absence can cause fibrinogenemia.

VU0285655-1(BML-280) is a potent and selective phospholipase D2 (PLD2) inhibitor that inhibits the proliferation of PLD2-deficient cells.VU0285655-1 has an inhibitory effect on high glucose-induced caspase-3 cleavage and reduction of cell viability.VU0285655-1 is used in the study of diabetic retinopathy.

Apilimod mesylate (STA 5326 mesylate) is a potent IL-12 IL-23 inhibitor.

AX-024 hydrochloride (AX-024 HCl) is an cytokine release inhibitor which can strongly inhibit the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-10 and IL-17A.

Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is a lipoxygenase-derived arachidonate-like mediator with anti-inflammatory properties.Lipoxin A4 attenuates MSU crystal-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation through inhibition of Nrf2, and regulates M1 M2 macrophage polarization through the FPR2-IRF pathway.Lipoxin inhibits oxidative stress and inflammation.