Hexokinase

2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) is an analog of glucose, an inhibitor of glycolysis. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose has antiviral activity, as well as inhibitory cell proliferation and apoptosis-inducing activity.

Benitrobenrazide (Hexokinase 2 inhibitor 1) is a hexokinase 2 inhibitor with anticancer and antitumor activity.Benitrobenrazide inhibits the growth of tumors and can be used in cancer research.

3-Bromopyruvic acid (Hexokinase II Inhibitor II, 3-BP) is a hexokinase II inhibitor with Ki of 2.4 mM for glycolysis/hexokinase inhibition. It is inhibitor of tumour cell energy metabolism and chemopotentiator of platinum drugs.

Lonidamine (Diclondazolic Acid) is an indazole carboxylic acid derivative, principally inhibiting aerobic glycolytic activity, by its effect on mitochondrially-bound hexokinase (HK).

DNJNAc, also known as 2-Acetamido-1,2-dideoxynojirimycin, is a highly potent and specific inhibitor of β-hexosaminidase (HEX). HEX enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetyl-β-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) residues from glycoconjugates such as glycoproteins, gangliosides, and glycosaminoglycans. HEX secreted by chondrocytes into the extracellular space contributes to cartilage matrix degradation, and HEX activity is elevated in the synovial fluid of osteoarthritis patients.

Antitumor agent-190 (Compound 26) is a hexokinase 2 (Hexokinase2) inhibitor that exhibits significant antitumor activity by targeting both microtubules and hexokinase 2 (Hexokinase2), with an IC50 value of 0.764 μM against MD-MBA-231 cells. It effectively suppresses Hexokinase2 activity, resulting in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (Reactive Oxygen Species) and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), thus promoting apoptosis and causing cell cycle arrest.

2-deoxy-D-Glucose-13C6is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 2-deoxy-D-glucose by GC- or LC-MS. 2-deoxy-D-Glucose is a glucose antimetabolite and an inhibitor of glycolysis.1,2It inhibits hexokinase, the enzyme that converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, as well as phosphoglucose isomerase, the enzyme that converts glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate.32-deoxy-D-Glucose (16 mM) induces apoptosis in SK-BR-3 cells, as well as inhibits the growth of 143B osteosarcoma cells cultured under hypoxic conditions when used at a concentration of 2 mg ml.4,5In vivo, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (500 mg kg) reduces tumor growth in 143B osteosarcoma and MV522 non-small cell lung cancer mouse xenograft models when used alone or in combination with doxorubicin or paclitaxel .6 1.Kang, H.T., and Hwang, E.S.2-Deoxyglucose: An anticancer and antiviral therapeutic, but not any more a low glucose mimeticLife Sci.78(12)1392-1399(2006) 2.Aft, R.L., Zhang, F.W., and Gius, D.Evaluation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose as a chemotherapeutic agent: Mechanism of cell deathBr. J. Cancer87(7)805-812(2002) 3.Ralser, M., Wamelink, M.M., Struys, E.A., et al.A catabolic block does not sufficiently explain how 2-deoxy-D-glucose inhibits cell growthProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA105(46)17807-17811(2008) 4.Liu, H., Savaraj, N., Priebe, W., et al.Hypoxia increases tumor cell sensitivity to glycolytic inhibitors: A strategy for solid tumor therapy (Model C)Biochem. Pharmacol.64(12)1745-1751(2002) 5.Zhang, X.D., Deslandes, E., Villedieu, M., et al.Effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on various malignant cell lines in vitroAnticancer Res.26(5A)3561-3566(2006) 6.Maschek, G., Savaraj, N., Priebe, W., et al.2-deoxy-D-glucose increases the efficacy of adriamycin and paclitaxel in human osteosarcoma and non-small cell lung cancers in vivoCancer Res.64(1)31-34(2004)

SID 24785302 is an inhibitor of hexokinase, which can suppress glycolysis, regulate mitochondrial function, and ultimately inhibit the replication of mutant mitochondrial DNA.

Metrizamide is a nonionic radiopaque contrast agent.