TNF

Adalimumab (anti-TNF-alpha) is the first fully human recombinant IgG1 monoclonal antibody that specifically targets human TNF-alpha.

Shikonin (Anchusa acid) is a natural product, a TMEM16A chloride channel inhibitor (IC50=6.5 μM) and selective PKM2 inhibitor. Shikonin exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities.

Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody, a human-mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody that inhibits TNF-α and prevents TNF-α from interacting with TNFR1 and TNFR2. Infliximab can be used to treat Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis.

Etanercept is a fusion protein consisting of the soluble portion of the p75-tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) and the Fc fragment of human IgG1 and is commonly used to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis.[1]

Resatorvid (TAK-242), a selective Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor, binds directly to Cys747 to prevent TLR4-TIRAP interaction, thereby blocking downstream signaling. Resatorvid exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities.

Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an N-acetyl derivative of cysteine, a ROS inhibitor and mucolytic agent. Acetylcysteine induces apoptosis, can be used to reduce mucus thickness, and has anti-influenza viral activity.

5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid shows anti-oxidative activity; it also shows anti-inflammatory activity, the underlying mechanism was associated with downregulation of nuclear factor-κB.

UCB-9260 inhibits TNF signaling by stabilizing an asymmetric form of the trimer.

Cordycepin (3'-Deoxyadenosine) is a purine nucleoside antimetabolite and antibiotic derived from the fungus [Cordyceps militaris], exhibiting potential antineoplastic activity.

1. Geraniin has a protective effect against OVX-induced rat osteoporosis. 2. Geraniin has cytotoxic activity towards cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. 3. Geraniin exerts inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation in vitro and suppresses Ti particle

C 87 is a small-molecule TNF-α inhibitor. C 87 directly binds to TNFα, potently inhibits TNF-α-induced cytotoxicity (IC50 = 8.73 μM), and effectively blocks TNF-α-triggered signaling activities.

Lenalidomide (CC-5013) is an immunomodulator with oral activity. Lenalidomide is a ligand for the ubiquitin E3 ligase cereblon (CRBN), which selectively ubiquitinates and degrades two lymphoid transcription factors, IKZF1 and IKZF3, via the CRBN-CRL4 ubiquitin ligase, and is commonly used in the synthesis of PROTAC products.

Utomilumab (PF 05082566) is a humanized IgG2 antibody that targets the T-cell co-stimulatory receptor 4-1BB CD137 and acts as a 4-1BB CD137 agonist. It exhibits antitumor activity and may be used in the study of patients with advanced malignancies.

Taurocholic acid (N-Choloyltaurine) is a bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats.Taurocholic acid is cytoprotective, preventing tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced cholangiocyte damage via a PI3K-mediated pathway.

Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin (Cimifugin 7-glucoside) can inhibit the proliferation of SMC(smooth muscle cell) stimulated by TNF-alpha, increase the proportion of G0 G1 phase.

Pomalidomide (CC-4047) is an anti-angiogenic and immunomodulatory agent. Pomalidomide is a ligand for the ubiquitin E3 ligase cereblon (CRBN) and is commonly used in the synthesis of PROTAC products.

1. Atractylenolide-I has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting TNF-α and IL-6 production; ameliorates sepsis syndrome, liver and kidney functions by reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and LPS. 2. Atractylenolide-I significantly sensitizes the res

SPD304 dihydrochloride is a selective inhibitor of TNF-α with an IC50 of 22 µM. SPD304 dihydrochloride promotes dissociation of TNF trimers.

Taxifolin (Dihydroquercetin) is a flavonoid in many plants such as Taxus chinensis, Siberian larch, Cedrus deodara and so on.

Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid (12-Deoxycholyltaurine) is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid.

Jolkinolide B is a bioactive diterpene isolated from the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. Jolkinolide B induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Jolkinolide B can be used for studies on preventing and treating osteolysis.

Maltotetraose (Fujioligo 450) are potent inhibitors of TNF-α-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, maltotetraose may be beneficial in the suppression of early atherosclerosis development.

Taraxasterol (Taraxasterin) is compound with anti-inflammatory activity.

Sciadopitysin may prevent the development of diabetic osteopathy, it exerts its therapeutic effects via upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis.Sciadopitysin shows protective effects on antimycin A-induced toxicity in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, it may

Kurarinone is a flavonoid extracted from the shrub Sophora flavescens, which has anti-tumor, estrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities, and also has a strong inhibitory effect on immune responses.

Sinensetin (Pedalitin permethyl ether) is a methylated flavone found in certain citrus fruits. pocess potent antiangiogenesis and anti-inflammatory, sinensetin enhances adipogenesis and lipolysis.

VU0285655-1(BML-280) is a potent and selective phospholipase D2 (PLD2) inhibitor that inhibits the proliferation of PLD2-deficient cells.VU0285655-1 has an inhibitory effect on high glucose-induced caspase-3 cleavage and reduction of cell viability.VU0285655-1 is used in the study of diabetic retinopathy.

Hispidol ((Z)-Hispidol) ((Z)-Hispidol) is a potential therapeutic for inflammatory bowel disease; inhibits TNF-α induced adhesion of monocytes to colon epithelial cells with an IC50 of 0.50 μM.

1. Negletein (7-O-Methylbaicalein) has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities via inhibition of TNF-α, iNOS and IL-1β. 2. Negletein as a neuroprotectant enhances the action of nerve growth factor and induces neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. 3. Negletein shows a comparable redox-active potential, and it (50 μM, 4 h) can activate Nrf2. 4. Negletein shows significant antimicrobial activity. 5. Negletein has anti-hypoxia activity, it can significantly prolong the survival time of hypoxic mice.6. Negletein has anti- Alzheimer's disease activity, it inhibits the iron-dependent formation of ROS and also blocks the iron-induced oligomerization of amyloid beta 42 in vitro. 7. Negletein (IC50: 3.89 + - 0.39 microM) exhibits potent inhibitory activity against nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factor.

Glucosamine (Chitosamine) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. Supplemental glucosamine may help to rebuild cartilage and treat arthritis.

Moringin is an isothiocyanate obtained from myrosinase-mediated hydrolysis of the glucosinolate precursor glucoMoringin present in Moringa oleifera seeds. Moringin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties.

Ozoralizumab (ATN-103) is a humanized anti-TNFα antibody and a novel TNFα inhibitor.Ozoralizumab binds human serum albumin and can be used to study rheumatoid arthritis.

Nodinitib-1 (CID-1088438) is a potent and selective NOD1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.56 μM.

α-Humulene (Alpha-caryophyllene) is extracted from S.officinalis essential oil.α-Humulene can inhibit tumor cell growth.α-Humulene also shows anti-inflammatory effects, probably by interfering with TNFalpha production and COX-2 and iNOS expression.

Fisetin belongs to a group of natural flavonols with a variety of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-aging and neuroprotective effects.

Licochalcone E is a potential LXRβ agonist.

Pranlukast (ONO-1078) is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 antagonist. It antagonizes or reduces bronchospasm caused, principally in asthmatics, by an allergic reaction to accidentally or inadvertently encountered allergens.

Nothofagin has antioxidant, and antithrombotic activities, it possesses anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting hyperpermeability, expression of CAMs, and adhesion and migration of leukocytes, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a therapy for vascular inflammatory diseases.

AX-024 hydrochloride (AX-024 HCl) is an cytokine release inhibitor which can strongly inhibit the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-10 and IL-17A.

UCB-5307 is a small molecule compound that inhibits TNFR1 signal transduction and downstream function in vitro. The KD of human TNFα is 9 nM. The TNF was directly bound by slow binding kinetics,KD= 6 nM. UCB-5307 can pass through prefabricated hTNF hTNFR1 complexes.

Conatumumab (AMG 655) is a monoclonal agonist antibody targeting human death receptor 5 [DR5, TRAILR2] with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 1 nM for long DR5 and 0.8 nM for short DR5. It induces apoptosis in various tumor types through caspase activation and can be used to study advanced solid tumors.

Bioymifi (DR5 Activator) is an effective activator of the TRAIL receptor DR5, binding to the extracellular domain (ECD) of DR5 with a Kd of 1.2 μM. Bioymifi can serve as a novel mimetic of TNF-related apoptosis-induced ligand (TRAIL), inducing DR5 aggregation as a sole inducer, and stimulating cell apoptosis.

Pinostrobin, a potent flavonoid inducer, exerts a neuroprotective effect against Aα²(25-35)-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, at least in part, via inhibiting oxidative damage and calcium overload, as well as suppressing the mitochondrial pathway of ce

C25-140 is a small-molecule inhibitor of TRAF6-Ubc13.

GSK2593074A (GSK'074) is a programmed necrosis inhibitor that displays inhibitory effects on RIP1 and RIP3.

Belantamab (GSK2857914) is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody against BCMA (TNFRSF17). Belantamab is a naked antibody to Belantamab mafodotin and can be used to synthesize antibody-active molecule conjugates (Belantamab mafodotin).

Cepharanthine (NSC-623442) is a natural alkaloid that inhibits TNF-α-mediated NFκB stimulation, plasma membrane lipid peroxidation, and platelet aggregation, as well as cytokine production. Cepharanthine exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor activities.

7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin (5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone) exhibits anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal activities, along with moderate antitrypanosomal activity, having an MIC value of 19.0 µg mL.