Fulvestrant (ZM 182780) is an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist (IC50=9.4 nM) and an agonist of GPR30. Fulvestrant has antitumor activity, inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis and autophagy.

ERR:9.4 nM (cell free), MCF-7 cells/TAMR-1 cells:1.8 nM, MCF7 cells:< 0.1 nM, HEK293 cells:0.78 nM, T47D cells:0.0012 μM, MDA-MB-231 cells:> 1 µM, COS-7 cells:3.8 nM, MDA-MB-231 cells:196.3 μM, LNCaP cells:18 nM, MCF-7 cells:0.8 nM, MCF7 cells:0.044 μM, ER-positive MCF-7 cells:0.29 nM

METHODS: ER-positive MCF-7 and ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with Fulvestrant (0.01-10000 nM) for 6 days, and the cell growth rate was measured by crystal violet staining.
RESULTS: Fulvestrant inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 0.8 nM. Fulvestrant did not inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells with an IC50 greater than 1 µM. [1]
METHODS: Human breast cancer cells MCF-7 were treated with Fulvestrant (100 nM) for 0.25-6 h, and the expression levels of target proteins were detected by Western Blot.
RESULTS: ERα protein expression was reduced in a time-dependent manner when MCF-7 cells were exposed to Fulvestrant. [2]

METHODS: To assay anti-tumor activity in vivo, Fulvestrant (25-200 mg/kg, 5% DMSO/95% corn oil) was injected subcutaneously four times per week for four weeks into Nu/J mice bearing tamoxifen-resistant (TamR) tumors.
RESULTS: Significant inhibition of tumor growth was observed at all doses of Fulvestrant, and no significant differences were detected between doses. [3]
METHODS: To assay anti-tumor activity in vivo, Fulvestrant (5 mg/mouse) was injected subcutaneously into nude mice with in situ established ER+ mammary carcinomas twice weekly for twenty-four days.
RESULTS: Fulvestrant treatment resulted in a significant reduction in tumor growth. [4]

In brief, hippocampi were dissected from the brains of embryonic day 18 Sprague-Dawley rat fetuses, treated with 0.02% trypsin in Hanks' balanced salt solution (137 mM NaCl, 5.4 mM KCl, 0.4 mM KH2PO4, 0.34 mM Na2HPO4·7H2O, 10.0 mM glucose, and 10.0 mM HEPES) at 37°C for 5 min and dissociated by repeated passage through a series of fire-polished constricted Pasteur pipettes. For intracellular Ca2+ imaging analyses, approximately 10^4 cells were seeded onto poly-D-lysine (10 μg/ml)-coated 22-mm coverslips in covered 35-mm Petri dishes. For neuroprotection and Western immunoblotting analyses, approximately 10^6 cells/ml were seeded onto poly-D-lysine-coated solid black and clear bottom 96-well culture plates and 60-mm Petri dishes, respectively. Cells were grown in phenol-red free neurobasal medium supplemented with B27, 5 U/ml penicillin, 5 μg/ml streptomycin, 0.5 mM glutamine, and 25 μM glutamate at 37°C in 10% CO2 for the first 3 days and NBM without glutamate afterward. Cultures grown in serum-free NBM yields approximately 99.5% neurons and 0.5% glial cells [2].

MCF-7 cells were suspended in culture medium (no serum) and inoculated s.c. into the flank of adult female nude mice (0.1 ml/approximately 5 x 10^6 cells). Mice were maintained in a clean environment and were given sterile food and water. Estrogen supplementation was provided by ethynyl estradiol at 1 μg/ml in the water. Antiestrogen treatment was initiated when tumor diameter attained a minimum of 0.5 cm. The Br10 tumor at passage 49 was established by implantation of 1-2-mm^3 tumor fragments into the flank of anesthetized intact adult female nude mice. After 3 passages a reproducible pattern of growth was established without additional estrogen supplementation. Approximately two-thirds of animals established progressively growing tumors which attained measurable size (area, ≥70 mm2) after 6-7 weeks. Antiestrogen treatment was initiated at the time of transplantation. Tamoxifen was administered once daily p.o. at a dose of 10 mg/kg (1 ml/100 g body weight of aqueous dispersion in 0.5% Tween 80) and ICI 182,780 as a single s.c. injection of 5 mg/mouse (50 mg/ml in arachis oil). Tumor size was assessed weekly as the product of caliper measurements of the largest diameter and the axis perpendicular to it [1].