Glycycoumarin is an estrogen agonist, it shows moderate inhibitory effects against CYP1A2 and CYP2B6.

Heraclenol is derived from the fruits of Angelica lucida with antibacterial activities. Heraclenol is a germination inhibitor in the parsley and lettuce seeds.

Sparstolonin B, a selective TLR2 and TLR4 antagonist, is an isocoumarin compound isolated from the tubers of Sparganium stoloniferum and Scirpus yagara with anti-HIV, anticancer, antitumour and anti-inflammatory activities, inhibits selective Toll-like receptors, inhibits free fatty acids It inhibits selective Toll-like receptors, inhibits free fatty acid palmitate-induced chondrocyte inflammation and attenuates post-traumatic arthritis in obese mice, and inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which can be used for validation and mammary carcinoma studies.

Vinaxanthone (SM-345431) is a small molecule compound derived from Penicillium chrysogenum that acts as a selective and potent inhibitor of semaphorin3A, phospholipase C (PLC), and FabI, exhibiting antimicrobial activity by blocking intracellular fatty acid synthesis and inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus.

Coumestrol that existed in soybean products suppresses the proliferation of ES2 cells (IC50: 50 μM). It exhibits activities against neurological disorders, cancers and autoimmune diseases.

Sphondin has anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative activities, it possessed an inhibitory effect on IL-1beta-induced increase in the level of COX-2 protein and PGE(2) release in A549 cells.

Scoparone (Aesculetin dimethyl ether) can be found in a number of food items such as sweet orange, wild celery, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), and lemon. It is found in the Chinese herb Artemisia scoparia and has been studied for its potential pharmacological properties including immunosuppression and vasorelaxation. Scoparone is found in anise. Scoparone is found in several citrus oils.

Meranzin, a bioactive compound derived from the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Chaihu-Shugan-San (CSS) and isolated from Murraya exotica L. leaves, targets the alpha 2-adrenoceptor and engages the AMPA-ERK1/2–BDNF signaling pathway. It offers promising potential for preventing the comorbidity of atherosclerosis and depression due to its significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

Wedelolactone (IKK Inhibitor II) is a natural product derived from Eclipta prostrata that inhibits NF-κB-mediated gene transcription in cells by blocking the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, and exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Wedelolactone induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer cells by downregulating PKCε, without inhibiting Akt. Wedelolactone inhibits 5-Lox with an IC50 value of 2.5 μM. Wedelolactone can be used in research on inflammation, tumors, liver disease, and immune-related diseases.

Aminomalonic acid is an amino endogenous metabolite that acts as a potent inhibitor of L-asparagine synthetase from Leukemia 5178Y/AR and mouse pancreas in vitro (Leukemia 5178Y/AR: Ki= 0.0023 M, mouse pancreas: Ki= 0.0015 M). It has the potential to be used as a biomarker to distinguish between different stages of melanoma metastasis.

Hydrangenol is a natural product and can be isolated from Hydrangea serrata leaves. Hydrangenol is an antiphotoaging compound with oral activity. Hydrangenol can reduce MMP and inflammatory cytokine expression and increase moisturizing factors and antioxidant genes level, result in preventing wrinkle formation.

Osthenol is a natural product, and is selective, reversible, and competitive human monoamine oxidase-A (hMAO-A) inhibitor (Ki=0.26 µM).It shows antitumor-promoting activity, it also has antifungal and antibacterial activities.

Oxyimperatorin is a natural product from Angelica dahurica.

1. Decursin (Decursinol angelate) is able to attenuate kainic acid-induced seizures and could have potential as an antiepileptic drug. 2. Decursin exhibits hepatoprotective effects , potentially by inhibiting the TGF-β1 induced NOX activation and Smad signaling. 3. Decursin has anti-cancer activity , mediated suppression of the PKCα, MAPK and NF-κB pathways in MCF-7 cells. 4. Decursin exhibits cytotoxicity against various human cancer cells and to possess anti-amnesic activity in vivo through the inhibition of AChE activity.

Pimpinellin is a natural product that acts as antagonist of proteins with GABA receptor activity.

1. Byakangelicol may inhibit P-gp expressed at the BBB even under in vivo conditions. 2. Byakangelicol can inhibit IL-1beta-induced PGE2 release in A549 cells; this inhibition may be mediated by suppression of COX-2 expression and the activity of COX-2 en

Novobiocin is an orally active and potent antibiotic.Novobiocin is a DNA gyrase inhibitor and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) antagonist with inhibitory effects on gyrase and Hsp90. Novobiocin has anti-positive activity and can be used to study highly resistant pneumococcal infections.

Cichoriin is a photosensitive compound, it could be used as herbal photosensitizing agent in treating benign breast tumor in rats.

Auraptene is a coumarin derived from citrus plants that bears a geranyloxyl moiety at its C-7. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-bacterial, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. It inhibits leukocyte activation and induces phas

Fraxetin (7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy coumarin) has dual-antioxidative ,hepatoprotective and antihyperglycemic functions, it shows potent protective effects against CCl4 induced oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis, has a marked inhibitory effect on S.aureus proliferation. It increased the level of Nrf2/ARE, and HO-1, inhibit the formation of ROS, cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-3 and 9, and suppressed the up-regulation of Bax.

Triumbelletin is a tricoumarin rhamnopyranoside obtained from Wikstroemia indica with antitumour activity for the study of tumours.

Alloimperatorin (Prangenidin) exhibits in vitro antitumor activity in HL-60 acute myeloid leukemia cancer cells via inducing apoptosis, cell cycle disruption and inhibition of cell migration. It photosensitizes efficiently the hemolysis of erythrocytes.

Cleomiscosin A is derived from Acer okamotoanum leaf and twig and shows inhibitory activity to TNF-α secretion of the mouse peritoneal macrophages. Cleomiscosin A can be used in studies about the prevention of LDL oxidation in atherosclerotic lesions.

5-Geranoxy-7-methoxycoumarin shows antifungal activity.