Hydroxycitric acid tripotassium hydrate (Potassium citrate monohydrate) is the major active ingredient of Garcinia cambogia and a derivative of citric acid, which effectively inhibits stone formation and HIF, and has antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-tumor effects. It also competitively inhibits ATP citrate lyase, offering weight loss benefits.

Hydroxycitric acid suppresses HIF-1α protein expression increased by CoCl2 administration in ARPE19 cells and 661W cells. Hydroxycitric acid decreases the accumulation of lipid droplets and accelerated energy metabolism in chicken hepatocytes. Hydroxycitric acid protects the cells from ER stress by increasing the antioxidant status and mitochondrial functions.Hydroxycitric acid shows an HIF inhibitory effect compared with the control group in ARPE19 cells and 661W cells. Hydroxycitric acid can downregulate Hif1a and the downstream genes in ARPE19 cells and 661W cells. 

Hydroxycitric acid attenuates the oxidative stress induced by calcium oxalate crystallization. Hydroxycitric acid has inhibitory effects on calcium oxalate-induced inflammatory cytokines, such as MCP-1, IL-1 β, and IL-6. Moreover, Hydroxycitric acid alleviates tubular injury and apoptosis caused by calcium oxalate crystals. The administration of Hydroxycitric acid can suppress body weight gain and fat accumulation in animals. Hydroxycitric acid (100-200 mg/kg) treatment could reduce markers of renal impairment (Blood Urea Nitrogen and serum creatinine). Calcium oxalate crystal deposition in mice (male C57BL/6J mice) treated with Hydroxycitric acid is significantly decreased.