s

Blasticidin S HCl is a peptide-based nucleoside antibiotic (antibiotic) isolated from Streptomyces griseochromogenes that inhibits prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein synthesis by interfering with the formation of peptide bonds in the ribosome.

S-Allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC) is an organic sulfur compound extracted from garlic, with anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. It protects against hepatocellular damage, improves alcoholic liver disease by modulating insulin receptor signaling, and enhances anti-tumor immunity by inhibiting PD-L1 expression.

(S)-Willardiine (L-willardiine) is present in the seeds of Acacia and Mimosa. (S)-Willardiine is an AMPA kainate receptor agonist (EC50 = 44.8 μM).

(S)-Coriolic acid (13(S)-HODE) is an important intracellular signaling agent generated by the reaction of linoleic acid with plant and mammalian lipoxygenases. It is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation in various biological systems and inhibits the adhesion of tumor cells to the vascular endothelium, while down-regulating IRGpIIb IIIa receptor expression at around 1 μM. Additionally, (S)-Coriolic acid is a metabolite of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) and often acts as an endogenous ligand to activate PPARγ. It induces mitochondrial dysfunction and airway epithelial damage.

20(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (20α-Hydroxycholesterol) is an allosteric activator of the oncoprotein smoothened (Smo).

(S)-(+)-1,2-Propanediol ((2S)-propane-1,2-diol) is an endogenous compound produced by the engineered bacterium Lactococcus lactis.

S-allyl-L-cysteine (S-Allylcysteine), a natural constituent of fresh garlic, has antioxidant and anticancer properties in animals.

(S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin (10-HCPT) is a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor used as a clinical therapeutic agent against hepatoma.

(S)-Leucic acid is an amino acid metabolite used as a muscle builder.

(-)-(S)-Equol (4',7-Dihydroxyisoflavan) is an orally bioavailable, non-steroidal estrogen naturally produced by the metabolism of the isoflavonoid daidzein by human intestinal microflora, with potential chemoprotective and estrogen receptor (ER) modulating activities. S-equol preferentially binds to and activates the beta isoform of ER in certain target tissues, while having an antagonistic effect in other tissues. This modulates the expression of ER-responsive genes in a tissue-specific manner. This agent may increase bone mineral density, affect vasomotor symptoms, and may decrease the proliferation rate of susceptible cancer cells. In addition, this agent interferes with the activity of enzymes involved in steroid biosynthesis. S-equol inhibits dihydrotestosterone (DHT) production and may inhibit the proliferation of androgen-driven prostate cancer. S-equol is the biologically active enantiomer while R-equol is essentially inactive and has a weak affinity for alpha-ER.

(S)-(-)-Citronellal ((S)-(-)-3,7-Dimethyl-6-Octenal) is a monoterpenoid.

L-(R,S)-Tetrahydropalmatine (Rotundine) is extracted from Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang.

(S)-2-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid (L-(−)-3-Phenyllactic acid) is a chiral aromatic compound involved in phenylalanine metabolism. It is likely produced from phenylpyruvate via lactate dehydrogenase. The D-form is derived from bacterial sources, while the L-form is endogenous. Phenyllactate levels are normally very low in blood or urine, but high levels indicate phenylketonuria (PKU) and hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA). PKU is due to a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), causing phenylalanine to convert to phenylpyruvic acid rather than tyrosine.

(S)-(+)-Carvone is a compound that occurs naturally in several foods and has anticonvulsant activity.

(R,S)-Anatabine is a minor tobacco alkaloid found in the Solanaceae family of plants, and serves as a specific marker for detecting tobacco use.

(S)-(−)-Perillyl alcohol (Perillyl alcohol), a monoterpene found in lavender, inhibits Ras farnesylation, upregulates the mannose-6-phosphate receptor, induces apoptosis, and exhibits anti-cancer activity.

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate (Ademetionine disulfate tosylate) is the disulfate-tosylate mixed salt comprising diastereoisomers of ademetionine ions. Ademetionine exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and has been utilized in the treatment of chronic liver disease.

L-Cysteine S-sulfate (S-Sulfo-L-cysteine) is an effective N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamatergic receptors agonist. L-Cysteine S-sulfate is the substrate for cystine lyase [1].

Rifamycin S is a potent DNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor,is a quinone and an antibiotic agnet against Gram-positive bacteria

(S)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid (L-(+)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid) is a normal human metabolite that has been found elevated in geriatric patients remitting from depression. (S)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid is synthesized in the liver from acetyl-CoA in humans, and can be used as an energy source by the brain when blood glucose is low.

(S)-Malic acid ((S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid) is a tart-tasting organic dicarboxylic acid found in many sour foods, such as apples, and contributes to the sourness of green apples and tartness of wine, although its concentration decreases with fruit ripeness (wikipedia). In its ionized form, it is called malate, an intermediate in the TCA cycle alongside fumarate, and can be formed from pyruvate through anaplerotic reactions. In humans, malic acid is derived from food sources and synthesized in the body via the citric acid cycle in mitochondria, playing a crucial role in energy production under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic conditions, malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate, providing reducing equivalents via the malate-aspartate redox shuttle, while during anaerobic conditions, its simultaneous reduction to succinate and oxidation to oxaloacetate removes excess reducing equivalents, reversing hypoxia's inhibition of glycolysis and energy production. Studies on rats have shown that tissue malate depletes following exhaustive physical activity, suggesting that malic acid deficiency may cause physical exhaustion. Administering malic acid to rats has been shown to elevate mitochondrial malate, increasing mitochondrial respiration and energy production.

S-Methyl-L-cysteine (S-Methylcysteine) is a natural product serving as a substrate in the methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) catalyzed antioxidant system, exhibiting neuroprotective, antioxidative, and anti-obesity properties.

(S)-2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)propanoic acid dihydrate (jodgorgon) results from the iodination of MONOIODOTYROSINE. During thyroid hormone biosynthesis, diiodotyrosine residues couple with either monoiodotyrosine or diiodotyrosine residues to form T3 or T4 thyroid hormones.

S-Allylmercaptocysteine HCl is an organosulfur compound isolated from aged garlic with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antitumor activities.S-Allylmercaptocysteine HCl inhibits inflammation in COPD and targets Nrf2 in osteoarthritis therapy through the NOX4 NF-kappaB pathway. Targeting Nrf2.