ED 50 < 1.00 μg/ml as determined by a dose-response proliferation assay using human MCF7 epithelial cells. Based on the ED 50 , the calculated specific activity is approximately > 1× 10 3 IU/mg. It is recommended to experimentally determine the optimal concentration for each specific application by performing a dose response assay.

Insulin Protein, Bovine, Recombinant is expressed in P. pastoris (Yeast). The accession number is P01317.

Bovine

P. pastoris (Yeast)

Insulin

Phe25-Ala54 & Gly85-Asn105

≥ 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE

Before opening, centrifuge the vial briefly to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute the lyophilized powder in ddH 2 O up to 1 mg/ml.

Upon receiving, the lyophilized product remains stable for up to 6 months at lower than -70 °C. Upon reconstitution, the product is stable for up to 1 week at 4 °C or up to 3 months at -20 °C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles by making single-use aliquots before the solution is stored at -20 °C.

Insulin is a peptide hormone produced exclusively by beta cells of the pancreatic islets. The mature form of insulin is a heterodimer of a B chain and an A chain linked by two disulfide bonds. The amino acid sequence of insulin is strongly conserved and varies only slightly between species. Bovine insulin differs from human in only three amino acid residues, and porcine insulin in one. Insulin is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body and regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein by promoting the absorption of glucose from the blood into liver, fat and skeletal muscle cells. Decreased or absent insulin activity results in diabetes. Recombinant insulin has been widely used for treatment of diabetes.