GSD-11 inhibits the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. GSD-11 inhibits the PANC-1 cells migration and colony formation. GSD-11 is a potent and selective anti-austerity agent that has the potential for the pancreatic cancer research [1].

GSD-11, at varying concentrations (0.1, 10, 100, 1000 μM), demonstrates significant cytotoxic effects on PANC-1 cells, with a PC50 value of 0.72 μM in nutrient-deprived medium (NDM) and an IC50 value of 3.5 μM in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) [1]. At a concentration of 10 μM over 24 hours, GSD-11 induces morphological changes in PANC-1 cells, inhibits cell migration at concentrations of 3 and 5 μM, and shows a potent colony formation inhibitory effect at 1, 3, and 5 μM [1]. Furthermore, GSD-11 restricts the survival of PANC-1 cells at 2.5, 5, and 10 μM by targeting the Akt/mTOR pathway under NDM conditions [1]. This is supported by cell cytotoxicity assays indicating a preference for cytotoxicity against PANC-1 cells in NDM over DMEM, and Western blot analysis confirms the mechanism of survival inhibition through the Akt/mTOR pathway [1].