• Modeling Mechanism：

  The core modeling mechanism of Sodium Thioglycolate is as follows: ① After skin contact, its thiol groups (-SH) are chemically irritating, directly damaging the stratum corneum and epithelial cells of the epidermis, causing epidermal hyperplasia and abnormal keratinization; ② Long-term exposure activates local inflammatory pathways, recruits inflammatory cells to infiltrate, leading to skin redness, thickening, and even ulceration. At the same time, it may affect the function of internal organs such as the liver, kidneys, and heart through skin absorption, simulating the skin toxicity and systemic damage caused by clinical occupational exposure or cosmetic contact, and is suitable for chemical skin safety evaluation and toxicity mechanism research.

• Related Products：

  Sodium Thioglycolate (T8530)

• Modeling Method：

  Experimental Subject：Rat , F344/N rat , 16 days old Mice , B6C3F1/N mice , 17 days old

  Dosage and Administration Route：① Pre-treatment: Depilate dorsal skin, ensuring no skin damage or inflammation; administer after 1–2 days of environmental acclimatisation; ② Core modelling (distinguishing short-term/long-term models): - Solvent preparation: 95% ethanol : deionised water = 1:1 (by volume) mixed solvent; - Short-term model: - Rats: Sodium Thioglycolate 11.25–180 mg/kg applied to depilated dorsal skin; - Mice: Sodium Thioglycolate 22.5–360 mg/kg applied to depilated dorsal skin; - Long-term model: - Rats: Sodium Thioglycolate 11.25–180 mg/kg · applied to depilated dorsal skin; - Mice: Sodium Thioglycolate 22.5–360 mg/kg · applied to depilated dorsal skin; ③ Control setup: - Solvent control: Apply equal volume of 95% ethanol: deionised water (1:1) mixed solvent; all other procedures identical

  Dosing Frequency and Duration Model：Short-term model: - Rats: 5 times weekly for 16 consecutive days; - Mice: 5 times weekly for 17 consecutive days; Long-term model: 5 times weekly for 3 consecutive months

• Validation：

  1. Skin toxicity indicators (core validation): - Appearance observation: In the short-term model, rats in the 180 mg/kg group and mice in the 360 mg/kg group showed skin irritation (erythema, edema); in the long-term model, rats in the 90-180 mg/kg group and mice in the 45 mg/kg and above group showed skin thickening, and rats in the 90-180 mg/kg group and mice in the 360 mg/kg group showed skin ulceration; - Histopathology: In the short-term model, rats in the 45 mg/kg and above group and mice in the 45 mg/kg and above group showed minimal to mild epidermal hyperplasia; in the long-term model, epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, sebaceous gland hypertrophy, and significant inflammatory cell infiltration were observed; 2. Visceral function indicators: - Rats: 180 mg/kg significantly increased the weight of the kidneys and liver in males, and significantly decreased the weight of the lungs in all male groups; - Mice: 180-360 mg/kg significantly increased the weight of the heart in males, and 180-360 mg/kg significantly increased the weight of the heart in males. 3. Genetic toxicity indicators: - Mouse peripheral blood erythrocytes: After 3 months of administration, the micronucleus rate of female mice increased significantly (no significant change in males); Salmonella mutation test (TA98, TA100 and other strains) showed no mutagenic effect.

*Precautions：

*References：National Toxicology Program. Toxicity studies of sodium thioglycolate administered dermally to F344/N rats and B6C3F1/N mice. Toxic Rep Ser. 2016 May;(80):NTP-TOX-80.