Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) are a toxic substance that poses risks to aquatic life, specifically causing cardiac harm to zebrafish and inducing male reproductive toxicity in mice [1] [2].

Polystyrene microparticles (PS-MPs) of 0.5 μm, 4 μm, and 10 μm sizes are internalized by three types of GC-1 testicular cells in vitro [2].

Polystyrene microparticles (PS-MPs) with varying sizes (0.5-12 µm) when administered per os (p.o.) over periods ranging from 24 hours to 28 days, have been demonstrated to induce a variety of adverse effects. In zebrafish, PS-MPs caused decreased activity, oxidative stress, metabolic disruptions, and altered heart contraction parameters after 21 days [1]. In mice, exposure to PS-MPs led to accumulation in the testis, disorganized spermatogenic cells, and the formation of multinucleated gonocytes within 28 days [2]. Furthermore, PS-MPs triggered testicular inflammation and compromised the integrity of the blood-testis barrier after a 28-day exposure [2].