SP4e is a PPAR-γ activator with EC50=826.7 nM in HK-2 cells.In a Swiss albino mouse model, SP4e is effective in decreasing blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL levels and increasing HDL levels.

HEK2 cells:826.7 (EC₅₀)

In HEK-2 cells, SP4e activated PPAR-γ with an EC₅₀ of 826.7[1].

In STZ-induced diabetic mice, SP4e was administered orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg once daily for 15 days. SP4e significantly reduced blood glucose levels, with efficacy comparable to the reference drug pioglitazone (36 mg/kg). SP4e also improved lipid profiles by lowering total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels while increasing HDL levels[1]. In STZ-induced diabetic zebrafish, SP4e was administered at 10 mg/kg for 10 days. SP4e significantly reduced blood glucose and lipid peroxidation levels, while enhancing antioxidant parameters such as glutathione (GSH) content and catalase (CAT) activity[1].