Gamma-Glutamylcysteine is a natural dipeptide containing cysteine and glutamic acid, serving as a precursor to glutathione (GSH) and a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Gamma-Glutamylcysteine exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by upregulating IL-10 whilst downregulating TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.

Gamma-Glutamylcysteine (200 μM) was used to pre-incubate Homo sapiens astrocyte-like cells for 15 minutes, followed by treatment with Aβ40 oligomers (10 nM). After 24 hours, relevant biochemical indicators were measured. The research results indicate that Gamma-Glutamylcysteine can alleviate Aβ40 oligomer-induced oxidative damage and neuroinflammation by increasing GSH levels and reducing the GSSG/GSH ratio [1].