3-Deoxyglucosone(3-Deoxy-D-glucosone) is synthesized by the intermediate pathway of the melad and polyol reactions.3-Deoxyglucosone reacts rapidly with protein amino groups to form advanced glycosylated end proteins (AGEs).3-Deoxyglucosone inactivates glutathione peroxidase and synergizes with low glucose to enhance GLP-1 secretion.3-Deoxyglucosone is used as a biomarker for diabetes mellitus.3-Deoxyglucosone has been shown to be an inhibitor of GLP-1 secretion in the presence of low glucose. 3-Deoxyglucosone inactivates glutathione oxidase, synergizes with low glucose to enhance GLP-1 secretion, and can be used as a biologic marker for diabetes.

3-Deoxyglucosone (80 ng/ml-1000 ng/ml; 1 hour; STC-1 cells) induces a 1.23-fold increase in GLP-1 secretion at 300 ng/ml and 1000 ng/ml, while 80 ng/ml shows no effect. At 300 ng/ml, 3DG significantly elevates intracellular Ca2+ levels, as measured by Fluo-3/AM (2.5 μM for 30 mins), but does not affect intracellular cAMP in a cAMP Elisa assay. Additionally, 300 ng/ml 3DG significantly enhances TAS1R2, TAS1R3, and TRPM5 protein expression under both glucose-free and high conditions.[1]

3-Deoxyglucosone (20 mg/kg; intragastric administration; single dose) induces a deterioration in glucose tolerance, as evidenced by an increased Area Under the Curve (AUC). Plasma glucagon levels do not show significant differences. The administration of 3-Deoxyglucosone leads to the development of impaired glucose regulation (IGR) accompanied by evident dysfunction of pancreatic islet cells in both Kunming mice and SD rats.[2]
3-deoxyglucosone (5-50 mg/kg; gastric gavage; once daily; 2 weeks; SD rats) exhibits significant increases in the upper small intestine (1.4-fold), lower small intestine (1.4-fold), ileum (1.4-fold), and colon (two-fold) compared to basal levels in their respective control groups. Additionally, there is a noteworthy decrease in the protein expressions of TAS1R2, TAS1R3, and TRPM5 observed in both the duodenum and colon.[3]

Cell Line: STC-1 cells. Concentration: 300?ng/ml. Incubation Time: 1 hour [1]

Animal Model: SD rats. Dosage: 5, 20 and 50 mg/kg. Administration: oral administration; once daily; 2 weeks [3]