• Modeling Mechanism：

  Cationic Bovine Serum Albumin (C-BSA) binds to the anion sites of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) through electrostatic interactions, forming immune complexes in situ. This activates complement C3, causing damage to the glomerular capillary walls, leading to the formation of dense subepithelial deposits and foot process fusion, ultimately resulting in massive albuminuria, mimicking the core pathological features of human idiopathic membranous nephropathy.

• Related Products：

  Cationic Bovine Serum Albumin (T80024)

• Modeling Method：

  Experimental Subject：

  Rabbits: New Zealand White rabbits, male, 2–3 kg

  Dosage and Administration Route：

  ① Immunopreparation: 1 mg Cationic Bovine Serum Albumin+1 μg Salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide (LPS), intravenous injection (i.v.);
  ② Core modelling: 25 mg/kg Cationic Bovine Serum Albumin intravenous injection;
  ③ Control treatment: Control group administered equal volume saline solution, or natural anionic BSA (pI=4.9) substituted for Cationic Bovine Serum Albumin;

  Dosing Frequency and Duration Model：

  Immunopreconditioning: Single administration;
  Core modelling: Once daily, commencing one week after immunopre-treatment, administered continuously for three weeks;

• Validation：

  1. Functional indicators: 24-hour urinary albumin excretion was significantly increased (632±150 mg/24h in the model group, <15 mg/24h in the control group, p<0.01); serum creatinine was slightly elevated, with no significant renal failure; 2. Immunofluorescence: Diffuse granular IgG, C3, and C-BSA deposits were visible in the glomerular capillary walls (score 3-4); 3. Electron microscopy: Abundant dense deposits were observed in the subepithelial region of the glomeruli, and the foot processes of the glomerular visceral epithelial cells were extensively fused; 4. Pathological staining: Silver staining revealed "nail-like" changes in the capillary walls, consistent with the typical pathological features of membranous nephropathy.

*Precautions： The experiment was approved by the animal ethics committee and followed the principle of humane euthanasia. Anesthesia was performed by intramuscular injection of toluidine (30 mg/kg) + ketamine (70 mg/kg).

*References：Adler SG,et,al. Electrical charge. Its role in the pathogenesis and prevention of experimental membranous nephropathy in the rabbit. J Clin Invest. 1983 Mar;71(3):487-99.