D-Psicose (D-Allulose) is an orally active rare sugar. It effectively inhibits p38-MAPK phosphorylation and MCP-1 expression, while blocking the AGEs/RAGE/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. D-Psicose demonstrates significant bioactivity in research involving pancreatic beta-islet protection, hyperglycemia improvement, lipid metabolism regulation, and the mitigation of high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

In experiments with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), cells were treated with D-Psicose at concentrations of 5.6–22.4 mM for 3 to 5 days. The results showed that D-Psicose significantly downregulated high-glucose-induced MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner by inhibiting p38-MAPK phosphorylation; however, no significant effect was observed at the lower concentration of 2.8 mM. This experiment confirmed that D-Psicose inhibits the expression of inflammatory factors and protects the vascular endothelium in vascular endothelial cells [1].

In models including OLETF rats, db/db mice, and high-fat diet-induced NAFLD mice, D-Psicose was administered orally via drinking water (5%) or gavage (200 mg/kg) for 4 to 13 weeks. Results showed that D-Psicose effectively attenuated pancreatic beta-islet fibrosis, preserved islet structure, and improved insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. Furthermore, D-Psicose significantly reduced hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, modulated gut microbiota (e.g., increasing Akkermansia abundance), and mitigated hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress damage by inhibiting the AGEs/RAGE/NF-kappaB pathway [2][3][4].

H2O: 100 mg/mL (555.06 mM), Sonication is recommended.

DMSO: 100 mg/mL (555.06 mM), Sonication is recommended.