ca²⁺

CA-074 methyl ester (Cathepsin B Inhibitor IV) is a selective inhibitor of Cathepsin B (IC50=36.3 nM). CA-074 methyl ester has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects.

Topanol CA is an antioxidant that can be used as a stabilizer in resins and light-colored rubber products.

Calcium trinatrium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid hydrate (Ca-DTPA trisodium salt hydrate) is a metal chelator and a nontoxic inhibitor of CMV replication, as well as a useful antidote in cases of acute cadmium intoxication.

CA inhibitor 1 (GS-6207 analog) is a potent inhibitor of the HIV capsid.

PD-1-IN-1 is a programmed cell dealth-1inhibitor. PD-1-IN-1 can be used as an immune modulator.

CA-M11 (compound CA-M11) is capable of entering the liver's bile salt transport system to release Mirin.

CAⅡ-IN-1 (compound 2i) is an inhibitor of the CA Ⅱ isozyme, exhibiting an IC50 of 0.44 µM. This compound is utilized in metabolic research.

AChE CA I-IN-1 (Compound 2g) acts as an inhibitor for both AChE and hCA I, with Ki values of 1.85 µM and 0.53 µM, respectively. It has shown potential applications in the research of Alzheimer's disease, glaucoma, and epilepsy.

CAIX-IN-3 (Compound 27) is a selective and potent inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), with an IC50 of 0.48 nM.

CAIX VEGFR-2-IN-3 (Compound 6i) is an inhibitor of Carbonic Anhydrase IX and VEGFR-2, with IC50 values of 41 and 48 nM, respectively. It exhibits anticancer activity by inhibiting the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC50 of 22.33 μM) and mouse fibroblast cell line 3T3, where cell viability is reduced to below 40% at a concentration of 100 μM. This compound is applicable for research in the field of cancer treatment.

CA 074 is a potent inhibitor of cathepsin B with a Ki value of 2 to 5 nM.CA 074 inhibits ischemic hippocampal neuronal death in primates and attenuates retinopathy and optic neuritis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced by SJL/J mice.

CA-IN-5g is an effective carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor. Carbonic anhydrase is isolated from Trypanosoma cruzi (TcCA).

CA-5f is a potent late-stage macroautophagy/autophagy inhibitor that works by inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion.

CA IX-IN-1 (compound 12g) is a potent and highly selective hCA IX inhibitor (IC50: 7 nM) with demonstrated antitumour effects.

Compound 4H is a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.033 μM [1].

Ir-CA is an antitumor agent that accumulates in mitochondria, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and autophagy. It initiates mitophagy and cell cycle arrest to kill Cisplatin-resistant A549R cells and effectively inhibits metastasis by inhibiting MMP-2 MMP-9 [1].

CAIX-IN-2 (Compound 9o) is an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase (CA), targeting CAIX, CA XII, and CAII with IC50 values of 5.6, 7.4, and 430 nM, respectively. This compound effectively inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells such as HCT-116, SW480, MDA-MB 231, and MCF-7, with IC50 values ranging from 14.63 to 29.33 µM. CAIX-IN-2 also integrates into DNA, causing cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase and inducing apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, it disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), elevates intracellular ROS levels, leading to mitochondrial damage, and inhibits the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. In mouse models, CAIX-IN-2 has demonstrated antitumor activity.

TCP-MP-CA (compound 11a) is an inhibitor of the LSD1 demethylase enzyme, functioning by binding to the LSD1 CoREST complex. This compound exhibits inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis, with an IC50 value of 0.14 µM.

CA-4948 (Emavusertib) is a potent IRAK4 FLT3 inhibtor. CA-4948 with anti-tumor activity.

CaⅡ-EDTA disodium dihydrate (Calcium disodium EDTA dihydrate) serves as an orally active metal chelating agent, displaying bactericidal properties against periodontal pathogens such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis [1]. Additionally, it is recognized as an effective chelating antidote for lead and cadmium poisoning [2] [3].

Staurosporine (AM-2282) is a protein kinase inhibitor with ATP-competitive and non-selective inhibitory activity (IC50=6/15/2/3/3000 nM) against PKC, PKA, c-Fgr, phosphorylase kinase and TAOK2. Staurosporine also induces apoptosis.

Coelenterazine H is a synthetic derivative of coelenterazine (a light-emitting biomolecule).Coelenterazine h (CLZN-h) is more sensitive to Ca 2+ than is the native complex, thus providing a valuable tool for measuring small changes in Ca 2+ concentrations.

Thapsigargin is a natural product, an inhibitor of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) and an endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer. Thapsigargin increases cytoplasmic calcium concentration by blocking the ability of cells to pump calcium into the sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum.

Gallopamil (Methoxyverapamil) inhibits acid secretion in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 10.9 μM. Gallopamil is a potent antiarrhythmic and vasodilator agent. Gallopamil (Methoxyverapamil), a methoxy derivative of Verapamil, is a phenylalkylamine calcium antagonist.