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Autophagy-related proteins (ATG) constitute a class of proteins essential for cellular autophagy, participating in the regulation of intracellular degradation and recycling processes. The ATG protein family comprises numerous members, including ATG1, ATG3, ATG4, ATG5, ATG7, and ATG8, each performing distinct roles during different stages of autophagosome formation, extension, and maturation. For instance, ATG7 functions as an E1-like enzyme responsible for activating ubiquitin-like proteins ATG12 and ATG8, while ATG5 serves as the binding partner for ATG12; both jointly contribute to autophagosome expansion. Abnormal expression or dysfunction of ATG proteins is closely associated with the onset and progression of various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.
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