Others

Matairesinol has radical and superoxide scavenging activities,; it also has anti-angiogenic activity by suppressing mROS signaling , can decrease hypoxia-inducible factor-1α± in hypoxic HeLa cells.

Bafilomycin A1 belongs to the macrolide class of antibiotics and is a V-ATPase inhibitor (IC50=0.44 nM) that is specific and reversible. Bafilomycin A1 is an inhibitor of the late phase of autophagy, blocking the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Bafilomycin A1 also induces apoptosis.

3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid (Isoursodeoxycholic acid) is a bile acid. 3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid (administered orally has shown good tolerability and good intestinal absorption. 3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid can undergo enzymatic isomerization in the intestine and liver and produce UDCA.

Ceruletide (Caerulein) is a potent agonist of cholecystokinin receptor and it also is a safe and effective cholecystokinetic agent. It has a direct spasmogenic effect on the gallbladder muscle and bile ducts.

2',3'-cGAMP sodium (2'-3'-cyclic GMP-AMP sodium) is a second messenger in cellular innate immunity and is catalyzed by cGAMP synthase (cGAS) under DNA binding conditions. 2',3'-cGAMP sodium binds to STING to form a dimer, inducing the production and expression of interferon-β and other cytokines.

Thapsigargin is a natural product, an inhibitor of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) and an endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer. Thapsigargin increases cytoplasmic calcium concentration by blocking the ability of cells to pump calcium into the sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum.

1-Palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (1-Hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is a phosphocholine for fluorescent probe design

Beta-Tocopherol shows effect on human erythroleukemia cell (HEL) adhesion induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA).

Tunicamycin is a mixture of antibiotics that inhibit N-linked glycosylation by blocking GlcNAc phosphotransferase (GPT). Tunicamycin has antitumor activity, as well as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral activity.

Physalin F is a natural blocker of CaV2.3 (R-type) and CaV2.2 (N-type) voltage-gated calcium channels.It is a secosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Physalin F induces apoptosis of PBMC, decreasing the spontaneous proliferation and cytokine production caused by Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is a unique component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria and consists of three regions: lipid A, oligosaccharide core, and O-specific polysaccharide (O-antigen). Lipopolysaccharides help maintain the integrity of the outer cell membrane and protect bacteria from damage by bile salts and lipid antibiotics. Lipopolysaccharides is a highly immunogenic antigen that can enhance immune responses and can be used for inflammation model construction.

Nigericin sodium salt is an antibiotic, an NLRP3 activator, and a cationic ion carrier. Nigericin sodium triggers the activation of the NALP3 inflammasome, which inhibits Golgi function and suppresses the growth of Gram-positive bacteria.

Methyl 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate is a natural product.

Lipoic acid (R-(+)-Thioctic acid) is an organosulfur compound derived from octanoic acid. It is made in animals normally, and is essential for aerobic metabolism.

Carmoisine (Azo Rubine) is a food dye Azorubine and is used for the purposes where food is heat-treated after fermentation.

Ethanolamine hydrochloride (2-Aminoethanol hydrochloride) , a viscous, hygroscopic amino alcohol with an ammoniacal odor, is widely distributed in biological tissue and is a component of lecithin.

Raffinose (Melitriose) is an indigestible short-chain oligosaccharide, a trisaccharide composed of galactose, glucose and fructose, found in many plants. It can be hydrolyzed by α-galactosidase (α-GAL) to D-galactose and sucrose.

Diethyl succinate is the diethyl ester of succinate and acts as an irritant.

Oleamide (Oleic acid amide) is an endogenous fatty acid amide and can be used in the synthesis of de novo in the mammalian nervous system.

Tributyrin (Glyceryl tributyrate), a neutral short-chain fatty acid triglyceride, is a stable and rapidly absorbed prodrug of Butyric Acid. Tributyrin diffuses through biological membranes and is metabolized by intracellular lipases, releasing effective butyrate directly into the cell in vivo. Tributyrin has potent proapoptotic, antiproliferative, and differentiation-inducing effects.

Myristoyl-L-carnitine chloride (L-Myristoylcarnitine chloride) is one of the body's metabolites implicated in inherited metabolic disorders.Tetradecanoylcarnitine is a potential marker for the study of diabetes mellitus and autoimmune hepatitis.

Squalane is a lipid found in some fish oils (especially shark liver oil) and some vegetable oils. It has anticancer and antioxidant properties and is used as a skin moisturizer and emollient.

Testosterone acetate (NSC-523836) is a hormone with in vitro antitumor activity.

Kynurenic acid (Quinurenic acid) is an endogenous tryptophan active metabolite, a triple antagonist of NMDA, glutamate, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and an agonist of GPR35/CXCR8 with neuroprotective and anticonvulsant properties. It has neuroprotective and anticonvulsant properties and can be used to study neurodegeneration and metabolism-related diseases.

2-Isopropyl Thioxanthone has potential anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic properties.

Dodecanedioic acid is a dicarboxylic acid used in the synthesis of the engineering plastic nylon 612.Dodecanedioic acid is used as a base oil in industrial production.

Trilinolein (1,2,3-Trilinoleoylglycerol) is a triacylglycerol and has been reported to provide a number of beneficial effects including reducing thrombogenicity and arrhythmias and increasing erythrocyte deformability. It is also an antioxidant.

Phenyl salicylate (NSC-33406) is a chemical substance. It is synthesized by heating salicylic acid with phenol.

n-Tridecane (n-Tridecane) is both a stress compound released by the brown marmorated stink bugs and an volatile oil component isolated from essential oil of Piper aduncum L. Tridecane.

DL-Malic acid (Hydroxybutanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid found in fruits such as apples and pears. It plays a role in many sour or acidic foods.

2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)acetic acid, a plasma metabolite, is highly sensitive and specific and can be used as a bioindicator to differentiate non-small cell carcinoma patients from healthy controls.

Dodecanedioic acid diammonium salt (1,10-Decanedicarboxylic acid diammonium salt) is a dicarboxylic acid which is water-soluble and involves in a metabolic pathway intermediate to those of lipids and carbohydrates.

2-Amino-2-dichlorobenzophenone is an aromatic natural compound that has been used to study the effects of various compounds on cell metabolism, protein synthesis and enzyme activity. It has also been used in the synthesis of drugs, such as antitumor drugs and anti-inflammatory agents.

2-Furoic acid (Furan-2-carboxylic acid) 2-Furoic acid can reduce serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and has anti-lipidemic effects.

Methyl nicotinate (methyl pyridine-3-carboxylate) is the methyl ester of that is used as an active ingredient as a rubefacient in over-the-counter topical preparations indicated for muscle and joint pain. The action of methyl nicotinate as a rubefacient is thought to involve peripheral vasodilation.

Cinnamic acid (β-Phenylacrylic acid) has potential use in cancer intervention,The concentration causing a 50% reduction of cell proliferation (IC50) ranged from 1 to 4.5 mM in glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells.

Octacosanoic acid has antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects.

Uridine triphosphate trisodium salt (UTP, Trisodium Salt) is a nucleotide.

2-Undecanol (Methyl nonyl carbinol) is a male specific compound extracted from aeration of live Lobiopa insularis beetles. 2-undecanol is a flower emitted volatile, used by various species of Hymenoptera as a pheromone component[1].

Methyl benzoin (Benzoin methyl ether) is a biochemical.

Anisindione is a synthetic anticoagulant and an indanedione derivative. It prevents the formation of active procoagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as the anticoagulant proteins C and S, in the liver by inhibiting the vitamin K–mediated gamma-carboxylation of precursor proteins.

Levulinic acid (4-Oxovaleric acid), derived from the degradation of cellulose, is a precursor for the synthesis of biofuels, such as ethyl levulinate.

Octahydroisoindole is a natural product and a reference standard.

Glycylglycine (Diglycine) is a dipeptide used in biochemical research. It is the simplest of all dipeptides and is used as a starting template for preparation of more complex peptides. Glycine is involved in the body's production of DNA, phospholipids, and collagen, and in the release of energy.

Diethyl malonate is naturally occurring in grapes and strawberries.

Cholesterol Myristate (Cholesteryl Myristate) is a natural steroid found in traditional Chinese medicine that interacts with various ion channels, including the GABAA receptor, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and the inward-rectifier potassium ion channel.

1-Eicosanol is a natural product isolated from Hypericum carinatum. 1-Eicosanol has antioxidant activity.

L-(+)-Arabinose selectively inhibits intestinal sucrase activity in a non-competitive manner, inhibiting glucose elevation caused by sucrose intake.

PALATINOSE (TNP-470) is a natural occurring disaccharide composed of alpha-1,6-linked glucose and fructose。 PALATINOSE has a beneficial effect on liver metabolic functions and might therefore be a good substitute for sucrose as a sweetener.

1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine (1,2-DSPE) is a phosphatidylethanolamine (PE or GPEtn). The stearic acid moieties are derived from animal fats, coco butter, and sesame oil. Phospholipids, are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and signaling.