Hirudin is a thrombin inhibitor that improves Gsdmd-mediated pyroptosis by inhibiting irf2. It can be used in research on diabetic nephropathy.

Hirudin prevents fibrin formation by inhibiting thrombin activity and impairing its ability to cleave fibrinogen, and inhibits the process of cross-linking and polymerization of fibrin monomers in the internal and external coagulation pathways. [1]
High doses of Hirudin reduce the proliferation of human microvascular endothelial cells by inhibiting the VEGF-Notch pathway. [1]
Hirudin (3-10 mg/mL) reverses TGF-β1-induced aberrant proliferation and fibrosis of HK-2 cells.[1] Hirudin is also effective in reducing the proliferation of human microvascular endothelial cells. [1]
Hirudin inhibits angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibroblast activity in a dose-dependent manner, attenuates oxidative stress, modulates factors associated with fibrosis, and inhibits the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. [1]

Hirudin improves the survival of randomized skin flaps in rats while significantly reducing the inflammatory response.Hirudin contributes to wound healing in SD rats after laser surgery. [1]
In a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), Hirudin (10 and 15 mg/kg; gavage once daily for 21 days) reduced tubular injury and inflammation by ameliorating interstitial fibrosis. [2]