ar-Turmerone is a natural volatile organic compound extracted from the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa). ar-Turmerone exhibits oral bioavailability and possesses biological activities such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. ar-Turmerone exerts a positive regulatory effect on dendritic cells in mice. Ar-turmerone can induce neural stem cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, making it useful for research on neurological disorders. Ar-turmerone induces apoptosis in U937 cells.

Methods: ar-Turmerone (0, 50, 100, 200 μM) was added to U251, U87, and LN229 glioma cells, which were incubated for 48 hours; cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay.
Results: ar-Turmerone inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. [1]
Methods: Primary rat hippocampal neurons were treated with ar-Turmerone (30, 100, 300 μM) for 1 hour, followed by treatment with Aβ25-35 (50 μM) for 24 hours. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, and TNF-α, IFN-β, and iNOS levels were measured by ELISA.
Results: ar-Turmerone restored cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and reduced TNF-α, IFN-β, and iNOS levels in a dose-dependent manner. [2]
Methods: Primary fetal mouse (E14.5) cortical neural stem cells (containing FGF2) were treated with ar-Turmerone (1.56–25 μg/mL) for 72 h. Photographs were taken using a phase-contrast microscope, and cell proliferation was assessed by counting with ImageJ.
Results: ar-Turmerone treatment significantly promoted neural stem cell proliferation, with a significant increase in cell numbers observed at concentrations ranging from 3.125 to 25 μg/mL, reaching a peak at 6.25 μg/mL. [3]

Methods: BALB/c nude mice were inoculated with U251 cells in the right axilla. Once the tumor volume reached 40–60 mm³, intraperitoneal injections of ar-Turmerone (40 mg/kg/day) were initiated and continued for 25 days.
Results: ar-Turmerone significantly inhibited tumor growth, reduced tumor weight, and downregulated KI67/PCNA expression, with no significant hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity. [1]
Methods: Male ICR mice received stereotaxic injections of Aβ1-42 into the hippocampus. ar-Turmerone (5, 10 mg/kg) was administered orally via gavage once daily for a total of 28 days, including 21 days prior to and 7 days following Aβ1-42 injection.
Results: Oral administration of ar-Turmerone (5, 10 mg/kg) significantly improved learning and memory abilities, enhanced cholinergic function, and reduced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. [2]
Methods: To investigate the effects of ar-Turmerone on neurogenesis, adult male Wistar rats received a single intracerebroventricular injection of 3 mg ar-Turmerone (1 mg/μL dissolved in saline) into the right lateral ventricle, and brain tissue was harvested 7 days post-injection.
Results: In vivo, a single intraventricular injection of ar-Turmerone activated endogenous neural stem cells, resulting in a significant increase in the number of DCX⁺ cells in the SVZ region of the rat brain.[3]

Ethanol: 40 mg/mL (184.91 mM), Sonication is recommended.