4-methylumbelliferyl

4-Methylumbelliferyl β-D-Galactopyranoside-6-sulfate (sodium salt) (4-MU-Gal-6S) is a fluorogenic substrate used to quantify N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulphatase (GALNS) activity. 4-MU-Gal-6S is cleaved by GALNS to release the fluorescent moiety 4-MU. 4-MU fluorescence is pH-dependent with excitation maxima of 320 and 360 nm at low (1.97-6.72) and high (7.12-10.3) pH, respectively, and an emission maximum ranging from 445 to 455 nM, increasing as pH decreases. It has been used to detect Morquio disease type A, a lysosomal storage disorder in which GALNS is deficient. 4-MU-Gal-6S can be used to assess GALNS activity in a very small blood volume to determine the extent of deficiency.

4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-sulfamino-2-deoxy-α-D-Glucopyranoside (4-MU-α-GlcNS) is a fluorogenic substrate of heparin sulphamidase. Heparin sulphamidase cleaves 4-MU-α-GlcNS to yield 4-MU-α-GlcNH2, which is then cleaved by α-glucosaminidase to release the fluorescent product 4-MU, which displays an emission maxima of 445-454 nm. The excitation maxima for 4-MU is pH-dependent: 330, 370, and 385 nm at pH 4.6, 7.4, and 10.4, respectively. 4-MU-α-GlcNS has been used to quantify heparin sulphamidase deficiencies associated with Mucopolisaccaridosis IIIA and other lysosomal disorders.

4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphate (4-MUP) (4-MUP) is used as a fluorogenic substrate of alkaline phosphatases.

4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphate disodium (4-MUP), an anionic organophosphate, serves as a fluorogenic substrate for acid and alkaline phosphatases. Additionally, this compound acts as a simulant for nerve agents [1] [2] [3].

4-Methylumbelliferyl β-cellotrioside, a cellulose-derived fluorescent chromogenic substrate [1], is specifically hydrolyzed by β-glycosidases.

4-Methylumbelliferyl palmitate serves as a potent fluorophore to assay acid lipase activity in human leukocytes, with its fluorescence significantly affected by acidity and solvent properties. In near-neutral aqueous solutions, it predominates in a neutral molecular form, emitting strong fluorescence at 445 nm, whereas in weakly alkaline solutions, it primarily exists in an anionic form, resulting in even stronger fluorescence at the same wavelength [1] [2].

4-Methylumbelliferyl butyrate (4-MUB) serves as a coumarin-based fluorogenic substrate for detecting M. catarrhalis C4-esterase. It converts into the blue-emissive compound 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU [1]).

4-Methylumbelliferyl sulfate (potassium) is a fluorescent substrate widely used to identify sulfatase activity in biochemical and biomedical research. It features a sulfate group linked to a fluorescent molecule, cleaved by sulfatase enzymes to release a highly fluorescent product detectable via fluorescence microscopy or spectroscopy. This substrate enables precise detection and quantification of sulfatase enzymes across diverse biological samples.

N-(4-Methylumbelliferyl)-maleinimid serves as a multifunctional dye utilized extensively across various domains. In biological experiments, dyes are pivotal for observing and analyzing cell structures, tracking biomolecules, assessing cell functions, differentiating cell types, detecting biomolecules, exploring tissue pathology, and monitoring microorganisms. Their utilization spans from fundamental scientific research to a broad spectrum of clinical diagnostics. Additionally, dyes find applications in conventional industries like textile dyeing and in emerging sectors, including functional textile processing, food pigments, and dye-sensitized solar cells.

4-Methylumbelliferyl β-D-cellobioside serves as a substrate for Cellulase. Upon hydrolysis, it produces fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone, which is useful for studying cellulase kinetics.

Mu-6S-Palm-β-Glc is a fluorogenic substrate specifically designed for palmitoyl-protein thioesterase (PPT). It is enzymatically cleaved by PPT1 to release the fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone (MU) moiety, enabling sensitive quantification of enzyme activity. This substrate is a critical tool in the study of infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL), a lysosomal storage disorder. It is utilized for both prenatal and postnatal diagnostic assays, as well as in the evaluation of bi-functional IgG-lysosomal enzyme fusion proteins for brain-targeted drug delivery.

MUF-diNAG (4-μU-(GlcNAc)2) is a fluorogenic substrate specifically designed for chitinases and chitobiosidases, which enzymatically cleave the molecule to release the fluorescent moiety 4-μU, MUF-diNAG exhibit pH-dependent excitation maxima at 320 and 360 nm and an emission maximum between 445 and 455 nm, thereby enabling sensitive and quantitative analysis of chitinolytic enzyme activity in biochemical and microbiological assays.

4-Methylumbelliferyl heptanoate (4-Methylumbelliferyl enanthate) is a lipase fluorescent substrate that detects cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cell proliferation.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide hydrate (MUG) is a fluorogenic substrate (λex=362 nm, λem=445 nm).

4-Methylumbelliferyl-α-L-iduronide 2-sulfate (4-MU-α-idoa 2-sulfate) sodium serves as a fluorescent substrate for iduronate-2-sulfatase (I2S). This compound can be hydrolyzed by the lysosomal enzyme α-L-iduronidase (IDUA), liberating the fluorophore 4-Methylumbelliferone. It is utilized in the detection of Hurler syndrome.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-galactoside (MUG) is a fluorogenic substrate for β-galactosidase (β-gal).1Hydrolysis of MUG by β-gal releases the fluorescent moiety 4-MU, which displays a pH-dependent excitation maximum of 330, 370, and 385 nm at pH 4.6, 7.4, and 10.4, respectively, and an emission maximum between 445-454 nm.2MUG has been used to detect β-gal activity in intact bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells.1 1.Vidal-Aroca, F., Giannattasio, M., Brunelli, E., et al.One-step high-throughput assay for quantitative detection of β-galactosidase activity in intact Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cellsBiotechniques40(4)433-434(2006) 2.Zhi, H., Wang, J., Wang, S., et al.Fluorescent properties of hymecromone and fluorimetric analysis of hymecromone in compound dantong capsuleJ. Spectrosc.1(1)147128(2013)

4-Methylumbelliferyl oleate is a fluorescent substrate for lipases (Ex/Em=320/450 nm), which can be cleaved by lipase and can be used to measure pancreatic inhibitory activity.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-α-L-fucopyranoside serves as a fluorogenic substrate for α-L-fucosidase, releasing 4-methylumbelliferone (4-ΜU) upon enzymatic cleavage by the enzyme. The fluorescence of 4-ΜU, with excitation/emission maxima at 350/440 nm, respectively, allows for the quantification of α-L-fucosidase activity.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminide serves as a fluorogenic substrate for the detection of α-N-acetylglucosaminidase [1].

4-MUNANA is a fluorescent substrate employed in neuraminidase activity assays and serves as a neuraminidase substrate analogue.