4-methylumbelliferyl

4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphate (4-MUP) (4-MUP) is used as a fluorogenic substrate of alkaline phosphatases.

4-Methylumbelliferyl heptanoate (4-Methylumbelliferyl enanthate) is a lipase fluorescent substrate that detects cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cell proliferation.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide hydrate (MUG) is a fluorogenic substrate (λex=362 nm, λem=445 nm).

4-Methylumbelliferyl β-D-Galactopyranoside-6-sulfate (sodium salt) (4-MU-Gal-6S) is a fluorogenic substrate used to quantify N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulphatase (GALNS) activity. 4-MU-Gal-6S is cleaved by GALNS to release the fluorescent moiety 4-MU. 4-MU fluorescence is pH-dependent with excitation maxima of 320 and 360 nm at low (1.97-6.72) and high (7.12-10.3) pH, respectively, and an emission maximum ranging from 445 to 455 nM, increasing as pH decreases. It has been used to detect Morquio disease type A, a lysosomal storage disorder in which GALNS is deficient. 4-MU-Gal-6S can be used to assess GALNS activity in a very small blood volume to determine the extent of deficiency.

4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-sulfamino-2-deoxy-α-D-Glucopyranoside (4-MU-α-GlcNS) is a fluorogenic substrate of heparin sulphamidase. Heparin sulphamidase cleaves 4-MU-α-GlcNS to yield 4-MU-α-GlcNH2, which is then cleaved by α-glucosaminidase to release the fluorescent product 4-MU, which displays an emission maxima of 445-454 nm. The excitation maxima for 4-MU is pH-dependent: 330, 370, and 385 nm at pH 4.6, 7.4, and 10.4, respectively. 4-MU-α-GlcNS has been used to quantify heparin sulphamidase deficiencies associated with Mucopolisaccaridosis IIIA and other lysosomal disorders.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-galactoside (MUG) is a fluorogenic substrate for β-galactosidase (β-gal).1Hydrolysis of MUG by β-gal releases the fluorescent moiety 4-MU, which displays a pH-dependent excitation maximum of 330, 370, and 385 nm at pH 4.6, 7.4, and 10.4, respectively, and an emission maximum between 445-454 nm.2MUG has been used to detect β-gal activity in intact bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells.1 1.Vidal-Aroca, F., Giannattasio, M., Brunelli, E., et al.One-step high-throughput assay for quantitative detection of β-galactosidase activity in intact Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cellsBiotechniques40(4)433-434(2006) 2.Zhi, H., Wang, J., Wang, S., et al.Fluorescent properties of hymecromone and fluorimetric analysis of hymecromone in compound dantong capsuleJ. Spectrosc.1(1)147128(2013)

4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphate disodium (4-MUP), an anionic organophosphate, serves as a fluorogenic substrate for acid and alkaline phosphatases. Additionally, this compound acts as a simulant for nerve agents [1] [2] [3].

4-Methylumbelliferyl oleate is a fluorescent substrate for lipases (Ex Em=320 450 nm), which can be cleaved by lipase and can be used to measure pancreatic inhibitory activity.

4-Methylumbelliferyl β-cellotrioside, a cellulose-derived fluorescent chromogenic substrate [1], is specifically hydrolyzed by β-glycosidases.

4-Methylumbelliferyl palmitate serves as a potent fluorophore to assay acid lipase activity in human leukocytes, with its fluorescence significantly affected by acidity and solvent properties. In near-neutral aqueous solutions, it predominates in a neutral molecular form, emitting strong fluorescence at 445 nm, whereas in weakly alkaline solutions, it primarily exists in an anionic form, resulting in even stronger fluorescence at the same wavelength [1] [2].

4-Methylumbelliferyl-α-L-fucopyranoside serves as a fluorogenic substrate for α-L-fucosidase, releasing 4-methylumbelliferone (4-ΜU) upon enzymatic cleavage by the enzyme. The fluorescence of 4-ΜU, with excitation emission maxima at 350 440 nm, respectively, allows for the quantification of α-L-fucosidase activity.

4-Methylumbelliferyl butyrate (4-MUB) serves as a coumarin-based fluorogenic substrate for detecting M. catarrhalis C4-esterase. It converts into the blue-emissive compound 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU [1]).

4-Methylumbelliferyl sulfate (potassium) is a fluorescent substrate widely used to identify sulfatase activity in biochemical and biomedical research. It features a sulfate group linked to a fluorescent molecule, cleaved by sulfatase enzymes to release a highly fluorescent product detectable via fluorescence microscopy or spectroscopy. This substrate enables precise detection and quantification of sulfatase enzymes across diverse biological samples.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminide serves as a fluorogenic substrate for the detection of α-N-acetylglucosaminidase [1].

N-(4-Methylumbelliferyl)-maleinimid serves as a multifunctional dye utilized extensively across various domains. In biological experiments, dyes are pivotal for observing and analyzing cell structures, tracking biomolecules, assessing cell functions, differentiating cell types, detecting biomolecules, exploring tissue pathology, and monitoring microorganisms. Their utilization spans from fundamental scientific research to a broad spectrum of clinical diagnostics. Additionally, dyes find applications in conventional industries like textile dyeing and in emerging sectors, including functional textile processing, food pigments, and dye-sensitized solar cells.

4-Methylumbelliferyl β-D-cellobioside serves as a substrate for Cellulase. Upon hydrolysis, it produces fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone, which is useful for studying cellulase kinetics.

FITC-Dextran (MW 4000) is a marker composed of fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated to 4 kDa dextran, widely used in microcirculation and cell permeability studies.

FM4-64 (SynaptoRedTM C2) is a styryl dye that stains stably but does not fluoresce in aqueous solution.FM4-64 does not passively diffuse into the plasma membrane bilayer and must be actively transported across the membrane.FM4-64 can be used to study cytotoxicity, cytosolization, and vesicular transport.Cephalexin monohydroxylin monohydroxylin (Cephalexin monohydroxylin) can be used to study cytotoxicity and vesicular transport.

DHBS (DCHBS) is used in conjunction with 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) and H2O2 for chromogenic quantitation of peroxidase in coupled enzymatic reactions.

Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT), an NADPH-diaphorase substrate (IC50 = 3-4 M) and well-known scavenger of superoxide anions, competitively inhibits nitric oxide synthase. Additionally, NBT, as a substrate for dehydrogenases, is used with the alkaline phosphatase substrate BCIP in western blotting and immunohistological staining procedures.

Reactive Blue 4, an anthraquinone dye, exhibits phytotoxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic properties. It functions as a single colorimetric chemosensor for the sequential detection of multiple analytes, each with distinct optical responses, in aqueous media.

PNPG (4-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside) is a chromogenic substrate for β-D-glucosidase that, upon enzymatic cleavage, yields a yellow solution.

MOPS sodium salt (MOPS-Na) is a novel stabilizer maintaining the pH of mammalian cell culture media. It used as a buffer for the native structure of BSA against thermal denaturation.MOPS sodium salt(3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid sodium salt) is commonly used as a buffer in biology.

4-Nitrobenzoic acid (4Nitrobenzoic acid) is a pharmaceutical intermediate often found in the production of folic acid, DABA, PABA and dyes.