orally

Trametinib (GSK1120212) is a MEK inhibitor that inhibits MEK1 and MEK2 (IC50=0.7 0.9 nM) with ATP non-competitive and oral activity. Trametinib activates autophagy and induces apoptosis.

Gut restricted-7 (GR-7) is a covalent and orally active pan-bile salt hydrolase (BSH) inhibitor that reduces gut bacterial BSHs and decreases deconjugated bile acid levels in the feces of mice.

Y-27632 dihydrochloride (Y-27632 2HCl) is an orally potent, ATP-competitive inhibitor of ROCK-I and ROCK-II. Y-27632 dihydrochloride also inhibits isolation-induced apoptosis in mouse prostate stem or progenitor cells.

Fedratinib (TG-101348) (TG101348) is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK2 (IC50: 3 nM) with significantly less potent activity against JAK3.

Venetoclax (ABT-199) is a Bcl-2 inhibitor (Ki<0.01 nM) with potent, selective, and orally active properties. Venetoclax has a 3-order-of-magnitude lower affinity for Bcl-xL and Bcl-W (Kis=48/245 nM). Venetoclax induces autophagy and apoptosis.

Olaparib (KU0059436) is a small molecule inhibitor of PARP1/PARP2 (IC50=5/1 nM), with weak inhibitory activity against PARP tankyrase-1 (IC50=1.5 μM), and is selective and orally active. Olaparib exhibits autophagy and mitochondrial autophagy activation activity.

BAY-876 is an orally active, selective inhibitor of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1, IC50= 2 nM), exhibiting over 130-fold greater selectivity for GLUT1 than GLUT2, GLUT3, and GLUT4. It also inhibits glycolytic metabolism and ovarian cancer growth.

Budesonide (Pulmicort), an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid, has shown the effective glucocorticoid activitie and few mineralocorticoid activities. According to reports, Budesonide has extensively inhibitory effects against multiple cells types and mediators referred to allergic and nonallergic-mediated inflammatory. What's more, the anti-inflammatory action of budesonide has been revealed to contribute to the effectiveness of asthma.

Pantoprazole Sodium Hydrate (BY1023 (sodium hydrate)) is a proton pump inhibitor drug, used for short-term treatment of erosion and ulceration of the esophagus caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Nimodipine (BAY-e 9736), a 1, 4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, acts primarily on vascular smooth muscle cells.

Baclofen (Lioresal) is a synthetic chlorophenyl-butanoic acid derivative used to treat spasms due to spinal cord damage and multiple sclerosis, muscle-relaxing Baclofen acts as a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist specific for GABA-B receptors. It acts at spinal and supraspinal sites, reducing excitatory transmission.

Nicotinamide riboside increases NAD[+] levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3, culminating in enhanced oxidative metabolism and protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities.

Dasatinib (BMS-354825) is an orally active, ATP-competitive tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets Src and Bcr-Abl (Ki=16 30 pM), with antitumor activity, used in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma.

Dasatinib monohydrate (BMS-354825 Monohydrate) is an orally bioavailable synthetic small molecule-inhibitor of SRC-family protein-tyrosine kinases. Dasatinib monohydrate binds to and inhibits the growth-promoting activities of these kinases. Apparently, because of its less stringent binding affinity for the BCR-ABL kinase, Dasatinib monohydrate has been shown to overcome the resistance to imatinib of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells harboring BCR-ABL kinase domain point mutations.

Deferasirox (CGP-72670) is an oral iron chelating agent used to treat chronic iron overload.

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid (3,4-Dimethoxyhydrocinnamic acid) is an orally active short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) that promotes γ-globin gene expression and erythropoiesis in vivo, making it useful in treating beta hemoglobinopathies and other anemias.

Obeticholic Acid (6-ECDCA, INT-747) is a high-affinity, semisynthetic, bile acid-derived FXR agonist with an EC50 of 99 nM and is able to upregulate IκB-α, KLF-2, and KLF-4 expression. Obeticholic Acid (6-ECDCA, INT-747) also shows potential for treating hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis while increasing insulin sensitivity.

Ponatinib (AP24534) is an orally available, multitargeted kinase inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.37 nM (Abl), 1.1 nM (PDGFRα), 1.5 nM (VEGFR2), 2.2 nM (FGFR1), and 5.4 nM (Src).

Macitentan (ACT-064992) is an endothelin receptor antagonist utilized in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

Apremilast (CC-10004) (CC-10004) is a potent and orally active PDE4 (IC50=74 nM) with anti-inflammation activities.

Niraparib (MK-4827) is a PARP inhibitor that selectively targets PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50=3.8/2.1 nM), exhibiting antitumor activity, inhibiting DNA damage repair, and inducing apoptosis.

Ranitidine (HSDB 3925) is a non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.

Acalabrutinib (ACP-196), also known as ACP-196, is an orally available inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, ACP-196 inhibits the activity of BTK and prevents the activation of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling pathway. This prevents both B-cell activation and BTK-mediated activation of downstream survival pathways. This leads to an inhibition of the growth of malignant B cells that overexpress BTK. BTK, a member of the src-related BTK/Tec family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, is overexpressed in B-cell malignancies; it plays an important role in B lymphocyte development, activation, signaling, proliferation and survival.

N,N'-Dimethylthiourea (DMTU) (DMTU), isolated from Allii Sativi Bulbus, is an orally active scavenger of hydroxyl radical ( OH) and blocks OH production by activated neutrophils in vitro. N,N'-Dimethylthiourea protects against water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS)-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats by exerting its antioxidant action including OH scavenging and anti-inflammatory action [1][2] .