Bixin is an orally active carotenoid that modulates TLR4/NF-κB, Nrf2, and ROS to mitigate high-fat diet-induced cardiac injury in mice and induces apoptosis in A549, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells.

Bixin (20-80 μM, 24 hours) not only ameliorated LPS-induced cellular fibrosis in H9C2 cells without cytotoxicity, but also alleviated inflammatory responses by inactivating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and suppressed LPS-mediated ROS generation through activating the Nrf2 pathway [1].
Bixin (0-500 μM, 48 hours) exhibited anti-proliferative effects on three tumor cell lines: Human lung cancer (A549), cervical cancer (HeLa), and breast cancer (MCF-7) [2].

Bixin (50-200 mg/kg, orally administered once daily for 14 weeks) alleviates systemic inflammatory responses in a high-fat diet-induced mouse model by inhibiting the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. It also decreases ROS production through activation of the Nrf2 pathway while effectively ameliorating systemic metabolic disorder in mice [1].